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Uneven local implementation of federal policy after disaster: Policy conflict and goal ambiguity

Author

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  • Stephanie Zarb
  • Kristin Taylor

Abstract

As climate change continues to increase both the frequency and intensity of environmental hazards and disasters, the need for a cohesive national mitigation policy grows. As the environmental federalism scholarship indicates, the inherent tension in federal, state, and local policy implementation highlights that despite a national need, environmental quality is a local public good. To complicate matters, there is disagreement about the optimal level of decision‐making regarding the adoption and implementation of environmental policy. This study addresses this gap by considering the role of policy ambiguity and conflict in policy implementation. The analysis relies on primary qualitative data collected from open‐ended interviews with 22 local government officials in 12 municipalities following Hurricane Harvey. Through the lens of policy ambiguity and conflict, we find confirmatory support for the idea that policies with less ambiguous goals are more likely to be implemented. Furthermore, we find that policy conflict arises when local governments perceive there is little for the community to gain by implementing the federal program. Thus, the level of protection afforded to citizens varies greatly between communities and is influenced heavily by politics. This research supports the Ambiguity‐Conflict Model of policy implementation, an oft‐cited but rarely tested theoretical framework for assessing the intergovernmental politics of policy implementation. It also demonstrates the barriers to local implementation of federal environmental policy in a nested system of government. A medida que el cambio climático continúa aumentando tanto la frecuencia como la intensidad de los peligros y desastres ambientales, crece la necesidad de una política nacional de mitigación cohesiva. Como indica la erudición del federalismo ambiental, la tensión inherente en la implementación de políticas federales, estatales y locales destaca que, a pesar de una necesidad nacional, la calidad ambiental es un bien público local. Para complicar las cosas, existe desacuerdo sobre el nivel óptimo de toma de decisiones con respecto a la adopción e implementación de la política ambiental. Este estudio aborda esta brecha al considerar el papel de la ambigüedad y el conflicto de políticas en la implementación de políticas. El análisis se basa en datos cualitativos primarios recopilados de entrevistas abiertas con veintidós funcionarios del gobierno local en doce municipios después del huracán Harvey. A través de la lente de la ambigüedad y el conflicto de las políticas, encontramos apoyo confirmatorio para la idea de que es más probable que se implementen políticas con objetivos menos ambiguos. Además, encontramos que el conflicto de políticas surge cuando los gobiernos locales perciben que la comunidad tiene poco que ganar al implementar el programa federal. Por lo tanto, el nivel de protección otorgado a los ciudadanos varía mucho entre comunidades y está muy influenciado por la política. Esta investigación respalda el modelo de ambigüedad‐conflicto de implementación de políticas, un marco teórico frecuentemente citado pero rara vez probado para evaluar las políticas intergubernamentales de implementación de políticas. También demuestra las barreras a la implementación local de la política ambiental federal en un sistema anidado de gobierno. 鉴于气候变化持续增加环境危害和灾害的频率和强度,对具有凝聚力的国家缓解政策的需求也在增长。正如环境联邦主义文献所表明的那样,联邦、州和地方政策执行中的内在冲突强调了尽管环境质量是一项国家需求,其也是地方公共物品。更复杂的是,关于环境政策的采纳和执行的最佳决策水平存在分歧。通过分析政策模糊性和政策冲突在政策执行中的作用,本文填补了该研究空白。对飓风哈维发生后12个城市的22名地方政府官员进行开放式访谈,并分析从中收集的原始定性数据。通过政策模糊性和政策冲突的视角,我们发现,目标较为清晰的政策更有可能得以落实。此外,我们发现,当地方政府认为实施联邦计划对社区几乎没有益处时,政策冲突便会出现。因此,为公民提供的保护水平在社区间存在巨大差异,并且严重受到政治影响。本研究支持政策执行的模糊‐冲突模型,这是一个经常被引用但很少经过检验的理论框架,用于评估政策执行的政府间政治。本文还证明了嵌套式政府系统(nested system of government)中联邦环境政策的地方执行所遭遇的阻碍。

Suggested Citation

  • Stephanie Zarb & Kristin Taylor, 2023. "Uneven local implementation of federal policy after disaster: Policy conflict and goal ambiguity," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(1), pages 63-87, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:40:y:2023:i:1:p:63-87
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12478
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