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Do Disasters Lead to Learning? Financial Policy Change in Local Government

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  • Deserai A. Crow
  • Elizabeth A. Albright
  • Todd Ely
  • Elizabeth Koebele
  • Lydia Lawhon

Abstract

Natural disasters may be windows of opportunity for policy change and learning by local governments, which are the entities primarily responsible for the recovery and rebuilding process after a disaster strikes in the United States. During disaster recovery, local governments are faced with myriad policy challenges, from technical issues concerning the repair and replacement of infrastructure to broader substantive questions of reducing vulnerability to future hazards. Their actions are constrained by federal and state policies related to disaster recovery, and yet they must make their own decisions regarding disaster recovery finance within those constraints. These decisions may then influence a local government's long‐term fiscal planning, such as their target level of budget reserves, borrowing, categories of spending, and mechanisms to generate revenue. To assess how local governments respond to and learn from fiscal constraints during disaster recovery, we analyze flood recovery in seven Colorado communities in the three counties most impacted by extreme flooding in 2013. Data from in‐depth interviews with local finance personnel and other administrators, budgets, and public documents are used to analyze recovery decisions and postdisaster fiscal policy learning. While most local governments drew instrumental lessons from the disaster experience, such as how to better manage grant reimbursement processes, some also drew broader lessons that may contribute to achieving longer term community resilience, fiscal stability, and disaster preparedness. 灾害会导致政策学习吗?地方政府的财政政策变化 自然灾害可能为地方政府政策变化和政策学习提供机会之窗。地方政府是美国灾害袭击后恢复和重建过程的主要负责机构。灾害恢复期间, 地方政府面临无数政策挑战, 这些挑战包括有关基础设施修复和替换的技术问题以及, 减少未来灾害发生等广泛的实际问题。地方政府行动会受限于与灾害恢复相关的联邦政策和国家政策, 尽管如此, 地方政府必须在这些限制内作出灾害恢复财政决策。决策可能会影响地方政府的长期财政计划, 例如预算储备、借款、支出分类, 以及产生收入的机制。为评估地方政府如何在灾害恢复期间响应财政限制并从中汲取经验, 笔者分析了2013年科罗拉多州受恶劣水灾影响最深的3个县中的7个社区的灾害恢复情况。通过与地方财政人员和管理员进行深度访谈得出的数据, 加上预算和公共资料, 共同对灾害恢复决策以及灾害后财政政策学习进行了分析。尽管大多数地方政府从灾害经历中学到了重要经验, 例如如何更好地管理拨款报销流程, 但一些政府还学到了更广泛的经验, 这些经验可能促进实现长期社区适应力、财政稳定和灾害预备。 Los Desastres Llevan Al Aprendizaje? Los desastres naturales pueden ser ventanas de oportunidad para el cambio político y el aprendizaje por parte de los gobiernos locales, que son las entidades primordialmente responsables por la recuperación y reconstrucción después de un desastre en los EE. UU. Durante la recuperación después de un desastre, los gobiernos locales encaran una variedad de desafíos políticos, desde problemas técnicos que tienen que ver con la reparación y reemplazo de infraestructura a preguntas sustanciales más generales para reducir la vulnerabilidad a peligros futuros. Sus acciones están limitadas por políticas federales y estatales relacionadas con la recuperación después de los desastres, y sin embargo tienen que tomar sus propias decisiones en lo que concierne al financiamiento para la recuperación dentro de esos límites. Estas decisiones podrían influenciar la planeación fiscal a largo plazo del gobierno local, como su objetivo de reservas de presupuesto, los préstamos, las categorías de gastos y los mecanismos para generar ingresos. Para evaluar cómo los gobiernos locales responden y aprenden de las limitaciones fiscales durante la recuperación después de un desastre, analizamos la recuperación de siete comunidades en Colorado en los tres condados más impactados por inundaciones extremas en 2013. Los datos de entrevistas a fondo de personal de finanzas local y otros administradores, presupuestos y documentos públicos son utilizados para analizar decisiones de recuperación y aprendizaje político fiscal después de los desastres. Mientras que los gobiernos locales aprendían lecciones instrumentales de la experiencia de los desastres, tales como un mejor manejo de los reembolsos de los subsidios, algunos también aprendieron lecciones más generales que pueden contribuir a llegar a una resiliencia comunitaria más duradera, estabilidad fiscal y preparación para los desastres.

Suggested Citation

  • Deserai A. Crow & Elizabeth A. Albright & Todd Ely & Elizabeth Koebele & Lydia Lawhon, 2018. "Do Disasters Lead to Learning? Financial Policy Change in Local Government," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 35(4), pages 564-589, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:564-589
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12297
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Yumin Shu & Zhongying Qi, 2020. "The Effect of Market-Oriented Government Fiscal Expenditure on the Evolution of Industrial Structure: Evidence from Shenzhen, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-17, May.
    2. Stephanie Zarb & Kristin Taylor, 2023. "Uneven local implementation of federal policy after disaster: Policy conflict and goal ambiguity," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(1), pages 63-87, January.
    3. Leanne Giordono & Hilary Boudet & Alexander Gard-Murray, 2020. "Local adaptation policy responses to extreme weather events," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 53(4), pages 609-636, December.
    4. Igor Benati & Mario Coccia, 2022. "Effective Contact Tracing System Minimizes COVID-19 Related Infections and Deaths: Policy Lessons to Reduce the Impact of Future Pandemic Diseases," Journal of Public Administration and Governance, Macrothink Institute, vol. 12(3), pages 1933-1933, December.
    5. Tyler Andrew Scott & Nicola Ulibarri & Omar Perez Figueroa, 2020. "NEPA and National Trends in Federal Infrastructure Siting in the United States," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 37(5), pages 605-633, September.
    6. Pim Derwort & Nicolas Jager & Jens Newig, 2019. "Towards productive functions? A systematic review of institutional failure, its causes and consequences," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 52(2), pages 281-298, June.
    7. Heather Millar, 2020. "Problem Uncertainty, Institutional Insularity, and Modes of Learning in Canadian Provincial Hydraulic Fracturing Regulation," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 37(6), pages 765-796, November.
    8. Christopher M. Weible & Daniel Nohrstedt & Paul Cairney & David P. Carter & Deserai A. Crow & Anna P. Durnová & Tanya Heikkila & Karin Ingold & Allan McConnell & Diane Stone, 2020. "COVID-19 and the policy sciences: initial reactions and perspectives," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 53(2), pages 225-241, June.
    9. Deserai A. Crow & Rob A. DeLeo & Elizabeth A. Albright & Kristin Taylor & Tom Birkland & Manli Zhang & Elizabeth Koebele & Nathan Jeschke & Elizabeth A. Shanahan & Caleb Cage, 2023. "Policy learning and change during crisis: COVID‐19 policy responses across six states," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(1), pages 10-35, January.
    10. Alex Osei‐Kojo & Paul Lawer Kenney & Clement Mensah Damoah & Albert Ahenkan, 2022. "Collective learning and COVID‐19 mitigation in Ghana," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 39(3), pages 255-281, May.

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