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Geographic variations in precarious employment outcomes between immigrant and Canadian‐born populations

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  • Waad K. Ali
  • K. Bruce Newbold

Abstract

We explore the spatial patterning of precarious forms of employment (PFE) by immigration status using Statistics Canada's 2011–2016 Labour Force Surveys. We provide new evidence showing that different PFEs exhibited distinct spatial patterns, with the census metropolitan areas showing the greatest spatial variation for immigrants. More so, immigrants were represented in high shares in PFEs in geographies where they tend to concentrate. Our findings raise a series of important questions on the efficacy of the regionally differentiated entitlement to Employment Insurance (EI) especially as immigrants are represented in high PFE shares in regions where EI coverage rates are low. Este artículo utiliza las encuestas sobre la fuerza laboral de Canadá de 2011–2016 para estudiar el patrón espacial de las formas de empleo precario (FEP) en relación a las categorías de inmigración. Se proporcionan nuevas pruebas que muestran que las diferentes FEP exhibieron distintos patrones espaciales, y que las áreas metropolitanas del censo mostraron la mayor variación espacial para los inmigrantes. Además, los inmigrantes estuvieron representados en altas proporciones en las FEP de las áreas geográficas donde tienden a concentrarse. Las conclusiones plantean una serie de cuestiones importantes sobre la eficacia del derecho diferenciado por regiones al seguro de empleo, especialmente porque los inmigrantes están representados en altos porcentajes de FEP en las regiones donde las tasas de cobertura del seguro de empleo son bajas. 本稿では、Statistics Canada(カナダ統計局)による2011~2016年のLabour Force Survey(労働力調査)のデータを用いて、滞在資格別の不安定な雇用形態(precarious forms of employment:PFE)の空間的パターンを検討する。PFEの種類によって異なる空間的パターンを示し、国勢調査都市地域が移民に対して最大の空間的変動を示す新しいエビデンスを提示する。さらに、移民が集中する傾向にある地域のPFEで働く移民の割合が高かった。本稿の知見から、特に雇用保険(EI)の適用率が低い地域においてPFEで働く移民の割合が高いため、EIの受給資格を地域別に分けることの効果に関する重要な疑問が提示される。

Suggested Citation

  • Waad K. Ali & K. Bruce Newbold, 2020. "Geographic variations in precarious employment outcomes between immigrant and Canadian‐born populations," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 99(5), pages 1185-1213, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:presci:v:99:y:2020:i:5:p:1185-1213
    DOI: 10.1111/pirs.12528
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    1. Dominika Bak-Grabowska & Anna Cierniak-Emerych & Szymon Dziuba & Katarzyna Grzesik, 2021. "Women Working in Nonstandard Forms of Employment: Meeting Employee Interests," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(3B), pages 299-324.
    2. Waad K. Ali & K. Bruce Newbold, 2021. "Gender, Space, and Precarious Employment in Canada," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 112(5), pages 566-588, December.

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