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The demand for food and beverages in Norway

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  • Kyrre Rickertsen

Abstract

The demand for food and beverages is estimated within a three‐stage demand model. The separability structure of the model is checked by nonparametric tests. Some generalized axiom of revealed preference (GARP) violations are detected in one of the subsystems. However, they are removed by small adjustments in the quantities of fish, and the violations are interpreted as results of measurement errors. The almost ideal demand system is used in the static and a dynamic version. The results of various specification and misspccification tests suggest that the static version performs poorly as compared with the dynamic version. Norwegian demand elasticities for disaggregate food commodities have rarely been estimated within a system framework, so the results are of intrinsic interest. The elasticities estimated by using the dynamic model are of the expected signs and reasonable magnitudes. The values are stable over time for most commodities. Elasticities estimated within a subsystem are conditional on the goods included in that system, and they may differ from the more policy relevant unconditional elasticities estimated within a system including all goods. Adjustment formulas are used to approximate the unconditional elasticities from the estimated conditional elasticities. There are considerable differences between the numerical values of the conditional and unconditional elasticities for several of the foods. The unconditional own‐price elasticities are in the interval‐0.20 to‐0.89. The own‐price elasticities for hot drinks and for milk are most inelastic. The unconditional expenditure elasticities for food‐away‐from‐home, fish, soft drinks, and alcoholic beverages are above one, while the expenditure elasticity for hot drinks is about zero.

Suggested Citation

  • Kyrre Rickertsen, 1998. "The demand for food and beverages in Norway," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 18(1), pages 89-100, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:agecon:v:18:y:1998:i:1:p:89-100
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-0862.1998.tb00490.x
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    1. Cherchye, Laurens & Demuynck, Thomas & De Rock, Bram & Hjertstrand, Per, 2015. "Revealed preference tests for weak separability: An integer programming approach," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 186(1), pages 129-141.
    2. Mittenzwei, Klaus, 2002. "Policy Design as an Irreversible Investment Under Uncertainty: Norwegian Agriculture and the WTO," 2002 International Congress, August 28-31, 2002, Zaragoza, Spain 24875, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    3. David Edgerton & Donald Dutkowsky & Thomas Elger & Barry Jones, 2005. "Toward a unified approach to testing for weak separability," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 3(20), pages 1-7.
    4. Friedrich Schneider & Klaus Salhofer & Erwin Schmid & Gerhard Streicher, 2001. "Was the Austrian agricultural policy least cost efficient?," Economics working papers 2001-03, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
    5. Ji Yong Lee & Yiwei Qian & Geir Wæhler Gustavsen & Rodolfo M. Nayga & Kyrre Rickertsen, 2020. "Effects of consumer cohorts and age on meat expenditures in the United States," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 51(4), pages 505-517, July.
    6. Abdulfatah Sheikhbihi Adam & Sinne Smed, 2012. "The effects of different types of taxes on soft-drink consumption," IFRO Working Paper 2012/9, University of Copenhagen, Department of Food and Resource Economics, revised Nov 2012.
    7. Gustavsen, Geir Waehler & Rickertsen, Kyrre, 2008. "Consumer Cohorts and Milk Purchases," 2008 International Congress, August 26-29, 2008, Ghent, Belgium 43551, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    8. H. Youn Kim & José Alberto Molina & Ka Kei Gary Wong, 2022. "Durable Goods and Consumer Behavior with Liquidity Constraints: Evidence from Norway," Boston College Working Papers in Economics 1047, Boston College Department of Economics.
    9. Matthias Staudigel & Rebecca Schröck, 2015. "Food Demand in Russia: Heterogeneous Consumer Segments over Time," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 66(3), pages 615-639, September.
    10. Yadavalli, Anita & Jones, Keithly, 2014. "Does media influence consumer demand? The case of lean finely textured beef in the United States," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(P1), pages 219-227.
    11. Bergh , Andreas & Nilsson, Therese, 2008. "Do economic liberalization and globalization increase income inequality?," Working Papers 2008:12, Lund University, Department of Economics.
    12. Dharmasena, Senarath & Capps, Oral, Jr., 2009. "Demand Interrelationships of At-Home Nonalcoholic Beverage Consumption in the United States," 2009 Annual Meeting, July 26-28, 2009, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 49443, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    13. Carlo Ciccarelli & Gianni De Fraja & Silvia Tiezzi, 2021. "How hard is it to maximize profit? Evidence from a 19th-century Italian state monopoly," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 73(2), pages 879-902.
    14. Linda Thunström, 2010. "Preference Heterogeneity and Habit Persistence: The Case of Breakfast Cereal Consumption," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(1), pages 76-96, February.
    15. Pablo del Río & Desiderio Romero & Marta Jorge & Mercedes Burguillo, 2012. "Territorial differences for transport fuel demand in Spain: an econometric study," Chapters, in: Larry Kreiser & Ana Yábar Sterling & Pedro Herrera & Janet E. Milne & Hope Ashiabor (ed.), Green Taxation and Environmental Sustainability, chapter 4, pages 56-68, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    16. Steven D. Silver, 2016. "A QUAIDS Model of Need-Based Structure in U.S. Personal Consumption 2006–2012," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 44(3), pages 303-323, September.
    17. Romero-Jordán, Desiderio & del Río, Pablo & Jorge-García, Marta & Burguillo, Mercedes, 2010. "Price and income elasticities of demand for passenger transport fuels in Spain. Implications for public policies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(8), pages 3898-3909, August.
    18. Seidu, Ayuba & Seale, James, 2015. "Estimating Danish Consumers’ Preference for Organic Foods: Application of a Generalized Differential Demand System," 2015 Annual Meeting, January 31-February 3, 2015, Atlanta, Georgia 196809, Southern Agricultural Economics Association.

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