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Nowcasting world trade in real time with machine learning
[Estimation du commerce mondial en temps réel grâce à l’apprentissage automatique]

Author

Listed:
  • Chinn Menzie
  • Meunier Baptiste
  • Stumpner Sebastian

Abstract

A key problem in economic assessment is that many time series arrive with long lags, posing a policy challenge. We address it for international trade in volumes by building a monthly “nowcast” (contemporaneous forecast). Using a dataset of 600 variables, our paper uses an innovative machine learning algorithm, the macroeconomic random forest – found to perform better than other linear and non-linear techniques. We employ a three-step approach composed of (i) variable pre-selection, (ii) factor extraction and (iii) machine learning regression. This approach delivers a substantially more accurate prediction compared to a Stock and Watson (2002) method based on factor extraction and OLS, with accuracy gains in between 15-30%. Compared to an autoregressive model, accuracy gains are around 30-40%. We illustrate the performance of the model during the Covid-19 pandemic. Un écueil majeur en économie réside dans les longs délais de publication de nombreux indicateurs, ce qui complique l’appréciation du cycle économique en temps réel. Pour y remédier, nous avons construit un « nowcast » (une estimation en temps réel) du commerce international. À partir d’une base de données de 600 variables, nous utilisons un nouvel algorithme d’apprentissage automatique, appelé « forêt aléatoire macroéconomique » (macroeconomic random forest), qui s’est avéré plus performant que d’autres techniques linéaires et non linéaires. Notre approche comporte trois étapes i) présélection des variables, ii) extraction des facteurs et iii) régression d’apprentissage automatique. Cette approche améliore la précision des prédictions (gain de 15 à 30% par rapport à la méthode en deux étapes de Stock et Watson (2002), et de 30 à 40% par rapport à un modèle autorégressif). Nous donnons des exemples de la performance du modèle pendant la pandémie de Covid-19.

Suggested Citation

  • Chinn Menzie & Meunier Baptiste & Stumpner Sebastian, 2023. "Nowcasting world trade in real time with machine learning [Estimation du commerce mondial en temps réel grâce à l’apprentissage automatique]," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 248.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2023:248:05
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jushan Bai & Serena Ng, 2002. "Determining the Number of Factors in Approximate Factor Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 70(1), pages 191-221, January.
    2. Barhoumi, Karim & Darné, Olivier & Ferrara, Laurent, 2016. "A World Trade Leading Index (WTLI)," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 111-115.
    3. Amélie Charles & Olivier Darné, 2022. "Backcasting world trade growth using data reduction methods," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(10), pages 3169-3191, October.
    4. Filippo Altissimo & Riccardo Cristadoro & Mario Forni & Marco Lippi & Giovanni Veronese, 2010. "New Eurocoin: Tracking Economic Growth in Real Time," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 92(4), pages 1024-1034, November.
    5. Amélie Charles & Olivier Darné, 2022. "Backcasting world trade growth using data reduction methods," Post-Print hal-04027843, HAL.
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