IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bec/imsber/v11y2019i1p55-82.html

The Effects of Social Protection Program on Food Consumption and Poverty in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Tariq

    (Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan)

  • Aneesa

    (MS Scholar Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan)

  • Farah Khan

    (Assistant Professor, Women University Mardan, KP-Pakistan)

Abstract

This study examines the effects of Unconditional Cash Transfers scheme of Benazir Income Support Program on household food consumption pattern and poverty in the District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For this purpose, data has been collected randomly through a comprehensive questionnaire from 383 selected beneficiaries located in two villages, namely, Kot Doulat Zai and Batagram of the District Mardan. The methods of Flexible Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand (LA-AIDS) and poverty index have been used for the estimation of results. Firstly, investigating the impact of cash transfers on household consumption, it is found that cash transfers increased their expenditures on cereals, meat and decreased on pulses, dairy products and fruits/vegetables. Secondly, analyzing the role of cash transfers in household’s poverty reduction, the results showed that household consumption shortfall reduced from 21% to 14% and their consumption deprivation poverty decreased from 42% to 31%. These findings suggest that the Unconditional Cash Transfers scheme is affecting the household consumption pattern and has reduced their poverty. Hence, further increase in the amount of cash transfers, formulation and implementation of effective policies in this regard can improve the standard of living of the poor and the needy people in District Mardan and in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Tariq & Aneesa & Farah Khan, 2019. "The Effects of Social Protection Program on Food Consumption and Poverty in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan," Business & Economic Review, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan, vol. 11(1), pages 55-82, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bec:imsber:v:11:y:2019:i:1:p:55-82
    DOI: dx.doi.org/10.22547/BER/11.1.3
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://imsciences.edu.pk/files/journals/March_2019/New%203%20MA-432.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/dx.doi.org/10.22547/BER/11.1.3?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Neenan, Pamela H. & Davis, Carlton George, 1977. "Impact Of The Food Stamp Program On Low Income Household Food Consumption In Rural Florida," Southern Journal of Agricultural Economics, Southern Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 9(2), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Agbola, Frank W., 2003. "Estimation of Food Demand Patterns in South Africa Based on a Survey of Households," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Southern Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 35(3), pages 1-8, December.
    3. repec:fpr:export:1342 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Jorge Barrientos & Esteban Velilla & David Tob�n Orozco & Fernando Villada & Jes�s M. L�pez Lezama, 2018. "On the estimation of the price elasticity of electricity demand in the manufacturing industry of Colombia," Revista Lecturas de Economía, Universidad de Antioquia, CIE, issue 88, pages 155-182.
    5. Chavas, Jean-Paul & Yeung, M.L., 1982. "Effects Of The Food Stamp Program On Food Consumption In The Southern United States," Southern Journal of Agricultural Economics, Southern Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 14(01), pages 1-9, July.
    6. Van de Walle, Dominique, 2002. "The static and dynamic incidence of Vietnam's public safety net," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2791, The World Bank.
    7. repec:wbk:wbrwps:113161 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Manuela Angelucci & Orazio Attanasio & Vincenzo Di Maro, 2012. "The Impact of Oportunidades on Consumption, Savings and Transfers," Fiscal Studies, Institute for Fiscal Studies, vol. 33(3), pages 305-334, September.
    9. Hjelm, Lisa & Handa, Sudhanshu & de Hoop, Jacobus & Palermo, Tia, 2017. "Poverty and perceived stress: Evidence from two unconditional cash transfer programs in Zambia," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 110-117.
    10. Orazio Attanasio & Alice Mesnard, 2006. "The Impact of a Conditional Cash Transfer Programme on Consumption in Colombia," Fiscal Studies, Institute for Fiscal Studies, vol. 27(4), pages 421-442, December.
    11. Alderman, Harold, 2014. "Can transfer programs be made more nutrition sensitive?," IFPRI discussion papers 1342, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    12. Huang, Chung L. & Fletcher, Stanley M. & Raunikar, Robert, 1981. "Modeling The Effects Of The Food Stamp Program On Participating Households' Purchases: An Empirical Application," Southern Journal of Agricultural Economics, Southern Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 13(2), pages 1-8, December.
    13. repec:cup:jagaec:v:14:y:1982:i:01:p:131-139_02 is not listed on IDEAS
    14. repec:cup:jagaec:v:13:y:1981:i:02:p:21-28_02 is not listed on IDEAS
    15. Phillips, Kathryn S. & Price, David W., 1982. "A Comparative Theoretical Analysis Of The Impact Of The Food Stamp Program As Opposed To Cash Transfers On The Demand For Food," Western Journal of Agricultural Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 7(01), pages 1-14, July.
    16. repec:cup:jagaec:v:9:y:1977:i:02:p:89-97_01 is not listed on IDEAS
    17. Giorgio d’Agostino & Margherita Scarlato & Silvia Napolitano, 2018. "Do Cash Transfers Promote Food Security? The Case of the South African Child Support Grant," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 27(4), pages 430-456.
    18. Durr-E-Nayab & Shujaat Farooq, 2014. "Effectiveness of Cash Transfer Programmes for Household Welfare in Pakistan: The Case of the Benazir Income Support Programme," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 53(2), pages 145-174.
    19. Muhammad Azam & Nasir Iqbal & Muhammad Tayyab, 2014. "Zakat and Economic Development: Micro and Macro Level Evidence from Pakistan," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 3(2), pages 85-95, June.
    20. repec:wbk:wbpubs:2597 is not listed on IDEAS
    21. Khan, Trisa & Hasan, Mohammad Monirul, 2016. "Social protection system in Bangladesh and the scope of social work: learning from lessons on the ground," MPRA Paper 70949, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    22. Tara Kaul, 2018. "Household Responses to Food Subsidies: Evidence from India," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 67(1), pages 95-129.
    23. Rawlings, Laura B. & Rubio, Gloria M., 2003. "Evaluating the impact of conditional cash transfer programs : lessons from Latin America," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3119, The World Bank.
    24. Emmanuel Skoufias & Vincenzo Di Maro, 2008. "Conditional Cash Transfers, Adult Work Incentives, and Poverty," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(7), pages 935-960.
    25. Deaton, Angus S & Muellbauer, John, 1980. "An Almost Ideal Demand System," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 70(3), pages 312-326, June.
    26. Pollak, Robert A & Wales, Terence J, 1978. "Estimation of Complete Demand Systems from Household Budget Data: The Linear and Quadratic Expenditure Systems," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 68(3), pages 348-359, June.
    27. Maitra, Pushkar & Ray, Ranjan, 2003. "The effect of transfers on household expenditure patterns and poverty in South Africa," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(1), pages 23-49, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mochiah, Eric Ekobor-Ackah & Osei, Robert Darko & Osei Akoto, Isaac, 2014. "The impact of conditional cash transfer programmes on household work decisions in Ghana," WIDER Working Paper Series 116, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    2. Bopape, Lesiba, 2006. "Heterogeneity of Household Food Expenditure Patterns in South Africa," 2006 Annual meeting, July 23-26, Long Beach, CA 21300, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    3. Unnikrishnan, Vidhya & Imai, Katsushi S., 2020. "Does the old-age pension scheme improve household welfare? Evidence from India," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    4. Unbreen Qayyum & Neelum Nigar, 2024. "Analysing the impact of idiosyncratic and covariate shocks on households’ food and non-food consumption: empirical evidence from Benazir Income Support Program," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(9), pages 23937-23960, September.
    5. Eric Ekobor-Ackah Mochiah & Robert Darko Osei & Isaac Osei Akoto, 2014. "The Impact of Conditional Cash Transfer Programmes on Household Work Decisions in Ghana," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2014-116, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    6. Leight, Jessica & Hirvonen, Kalle & Zafar, Sarim, 2024. "The effectiveness of cash and cash plus interventions on livelihoods outcomes: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis," IFPRI discussion papers 2262, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    7. Stella Luz A. Quimbo & Joseph J. Capuno & Aleli D. Kraft & Rhea Molato & Carlos Tan, Jr., 2015. "Where does the money go? Assessing the expenditure and income effects of the Philippines' Conditional Cash Transfer Program," UP School of Economics Discussion Papers 201502, University of the Philippines School of Economics.
    8. Saeed, Muhammad Kashif & Hayat, Muhammad Azmat, 2020. "The Impact of Social Cash Transfers on Poverty in Pakistan-A Case Study of Benazir Income Support Programme," MPRA Paper 99805, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Levedahl, J. William, "undated". "The Effect Of Functional Form On The Estimated Marginal Propensities To Spend Out Of Food Stamps And Money Income And The Implications For A Cash-Only Food Stamp Program," 1990 Annual meeting, August 5-8, Vancouver, Canada 270908, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    10. Taniguchi, Kiyoshi & Chern, Wen S., 2000. "Income Elasticity Of Rice Demand In Japan And Its Implications: Cross-Sectional Data Analysis," 2000 Annual meeting, July 30-August 2, Tampa, FL 21755, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    11. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/vbu6kd1s68o6r34k5bcm3iopv is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Hildenbrand, Werner & Kneip, Alois, 2005. "Aggregate behavior and microdata," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 3-27, January.
    13. A. Montini, 1999. "I consumi alimentari delle famiglie italiane: un modello per le decisioni di consumo extradomestico utilizzando i microdati di spesa familiare," Working Papers 364, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna.
    14. Frank T. Denton & Dean C. Mountain, 2016. "Biases in consumer elasticities based on micro and aggregate data: an integrated framework and empirical evaluation," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 50(2), pages 531-560, March.
    15. Marsh, Thomas L. & Piggott, Nicholas E., 2013. "Measuring Pre-Commited Quantities Through Consumer Price Formation," 2013 Conference (57th), February 5-8, 2013, Sydney, Australia 152165, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society.
    16. Toshinobu Matsuda, 2006. "A trigonometric flexible consumer demand system," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 39(1), pages 145-162, February.
    17. Feng, Xudong & Chern, Wen S., 2000. "Demand For Healthy Food In The United States," 2000 Annual meeting, July 30-August 2, Tampa, FL 21857, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    18. Waidler, Jennifer, 2016. "On the fungibility of public and private transfers: A mental accounting approach," MERIT Working Papers 2016-060, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    19. Gustavo J. Bobonis, 2011. "The Impact of Conditional Cash Transfers on Marriage and Divorce," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 59(2), pages 281-312.
    20. Muhammad Irfan & Michael P. Cameron & Gazi Hassan, 2017. "Household Energy Elasticities in Pakistan: An Application of the LA-AIDS Model on Pooled Household Data," Working Papers in Economics 17/11, University of Waikato.
    21. Del Oro Sáez, C.P. & Riobóo Almanzor, J.Mª & Rodríguez Rey, M., 2000. "Estimación de curvas de Engel: un enfoque no paramétrico y su aplicación al caso gallego," Estudios de Economia Aplicada, Estudios de Economia Aplicada, vol. 16, pages 37-61, Diciembre.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bec:imsber:v:11:y:2019:i:1:p:55-82. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Dr. Attaullah Shah (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/imspepk.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.