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Balance fiscal estructural y cíclico del gobierno nacional central de Colombia, 1980-2002

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Abstract

Tener conocimiento del balance fiscal estructural es significativo tanto para el análisis como para la formulación ex ante de la política fiscal. En este documento se propone una metodología para la determinación del balance estructural de las finanzas del gobierno nacional central (GNC), con base en el procedimiento estándar del Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI). La metodología se construye a partir del cálculo del balance estructural total y primario, con sus correspondientes balances cíclicos, para el período de 1980 a 2002. Se utilizaron diferentes técnicas econométricas para la estimación de parámetros relevantes. Los resultados indican que a comienzos de la década de los ochenta y de los noventa el balance fiscal estructural del gobierno estuvo por encima del observado, es decir, el gobierno tuvo un menor déficit o mayor superávit, en una magnitud de entre 0,1% y 0,4% del producto interno bruto (PIB), debido a los movimientos cíclicos del PIB y/o a las desviaciones de los precios del crudo por encima de su tendencia de largo plazo y/o por las menores erogaciones por transferencias territoriales. Para el resto del período de análisis sucedió lo contrario, es decir, el balance estructural del gobierno estuvo por debajo del observado, en una magnitud entre 0,2% y 0,4% del PIB. La magnitud de las diferencias lleva a la conclusión de que el balance fiscal del gobierno central de Colombia es básicamente de naturaleza estructural, es decir, que no basta con que el país crezca a tasas iguales al potencial sino que se necesita mucho más esfuerzo (en ingresos y gastos) para ajustar las finanzas del gobierno.

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  • Hernán Rincón & Jenny Berthel & Miguel Gómez, 2003. "Balance fiscal estructural y cíclico del gobierno nacional central de Colombia, 1980-2002," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, vol. 21(44), pages 12-62, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:ensayo:v:21:y:2003:i:44:p:12-62
    DOI: 10.32468/Espe.4401
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    1. Natalia Salazar Ferro & Diego Prada H., 2004. "El balance estructural del gobierno central en Colombia," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, March.
    2. Carlos Esteban Posada & Carlos Caballero Argáez, 2003. "Una Nota Sobre Los Elementos Coyunturales Y Estructurales Del Deficit Fiscal En El Caso Colombiano Reciente," Borradores de Economia 3718, Banco de la Republica.
    3. Mr. Robert P. Hagemann, 1999. "The Structural Budget Balance The IMF’s Methodology," IMF Working Papers 1999/095, International Monetary Fund.
    4. Javier Gómez & José Darío Uribe & Hernando Vargas, 2002. "The Implementation Of Inflation Targeting In Colombia," Borradores de Economia 3603, Banco de la Republica.
    5. Johansen, Soren & Juselius, Katarina, 1994. "Identification of the long-run and the short-run structure an application to the ISLM model," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 63(1), pages 7-36, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mauricio Cárdenas & Roberto Junguito B. & Mónica Pachón B., 2006. "Political Institutions and Policy Outcomes in Colombia : the Effects of the 1991 Constitution," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, June.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Balance estructural; balance cíclico; balance ajustado; transformación de Box-Cox; cointegración; estabilidad; mínimos cuadrados recursivos.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C82 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data; Data Access
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • H62 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Deficit; Surplus

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