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Biofuel Sustainability Requirements – The Case of Rapeseed Biodiesel

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  • Junker, Franziska
  • Gocht, Alexander
  • Marquardt, Sandra
  • Osterburg, Bernhard
  • Stichnothe, Heinz

Abstract

Biodiesel production in Europe and Germany relies heavily on rapeseed oil. Thus, the biodiesel industry has become the most important outlet for rapeseed oil. In light of the increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) saving requirements at the European level, this situation may change: according to the default values specified in the current legislation, biodiesel produced from rapeseed oil will not meet GHG saving requirements as of 2017. In this article, we assess the market impacts of the withdrawal of rapeseed oil from the biodiesel industry in Germany and Europe. Simulations with the MAGNET and CAPRI modelling systems indicate a decline in producer prices for rapeseed of approximately 17% in the EU. The area dedicated to rapeseed production will decline by 6%. Rapeseed oil is primarily substituted by imported vegetable oils. Simultaneously, imports of biodiesel from North America, Argentina and Asia are projected to increase. We investigate options to improve the GHG balance of rapeseed biodiesel. We conclude that only a combination of climate-friendly produced fertiliser and efficient conversion processes can provide the necessary GHG emission-savings to meet the EU’s sustainability goals after 2017. Rapsöl ist in der Europäischen Union und besonders in Deutschland der wichtigste Rohstoff für Biodiesel, und dadurch ist die Biodieselindustrie zum wichtigsten Abnehmer von Rapsöl geworden. Es ist fraglich, ob dies angesichts der steigenden Anforderungen an die Reduktion der Treibhausgas(THG)-Emissionen, die ab 2017 in der EU gelten, Bestand haben wird. Nach den gegenwärtig gültigen Standardwerten erreicht Biodiesel aus Rapsöl ab 2017 nicht die geforderten THG-Emissionseinsparungen. Um die Marktwirkungen eines Ausschlusses von Rapsöl vom Biodieselmarkt abzuschätzen, simulieren wir diesen mit den Modellsystemen MAGNET und CAPRI. Den Simulationsergebnissen zufolge würde der Rapspreis in der EU um 17% zurückgehen, die für den Rapsanbau genutzte Fläche um 6%. Rapsöl wird durch andere importierte Pflanzenöle ersetzt. Gleichzeitig steigen die Einfuhren von Biodiesel aus Nordamerika, Argentinien und Asien. Wir prüfen, durch welche Anpassungen die geforderten Emissionseinsparungen erreicht werden können. Unsere Analyse hat ergeben, dass nur durch das Zusammenwirken mehrerer Akteure der Wertschöpfungskette (Düngemittelproduzenten, Landwirte und Biodieselanlagenbetreiber) das THG-Reduktionsziel von 50% oder mehr erreicht werden kann.

Suggested Citation

  • Junker, Franziska & Gocht, Alexander & Marquardt, Sandra & Osterburg, Bernhard & Stichnothe, Heinz, 2015. "Biofuel Sustainability Requirements – The Case of Rapeseed Biodiesel," German Journal of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Department for Agricultural Economics, vol. 64(04), December.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:gjagec:270185
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.270185
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Smeets, Edward & Tabeau, Andrzej & van Berkum, Siemen & Moorad, Jamil & van Meijl, Hans & Woltjer, Geert, 2014. "The impact of the rebound effect of the use of first generation biofuels in the EU on greenhouse gas emissions: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 393-403.
    2. Lamers, Patrick & Hamelinck, Carlo & Junginger, Martin & Faaij, André, 2011. "International bioenergy trade--A review of past developments in the liquid biofuel market," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 2655-2676, August.
    3. Junker, Franziska & Wolf, Verena & Marquardt, Sandra & Ledebur, Oliver, 2015. "Changes to EU Biofuel Policy- Turmoil on Feedstock Markets," 2015 Conference, August 9-14, 2015, Milan, Italy 211819, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    4. Searchinger, Timothy & Heimlich, Ralph & Houghton, R. A. & Dong, Fengxia & Elobeid, Amani & Fabiosa, Jacinto F. & Tokgoz, Simla & Hayes, Dermot J. & Yu, Hun-Hsiang, 2008. "Use of U.S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases Through Emissions from Land-Use Change," Staff General Research Papers Archive 12881, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    5. María Blanco & Marcel Adenäuer & Shailesh Shrestha & Arno Becker, 2012. "Methodology to assess EU Biofuel Policies: The CAPRI Approach," JRC Research Reports JRC80037, Joint Research Centre (Seville site).
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    1. Wesseler, Justus & Banse, Martin & Zilberman, David, 2015. "Introduction Special Issue “The Political Economy of the Bioeconomy”," German Journal of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Department for Agricultural Economics, vol. 64(04), December.

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