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Analyse und Prognose von Migrationsbewegungen

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  • Heidland, Tobias
  • Jannsen, Nils
  • Groll, Dominik
  • Kalweit, René
  • Boockmann, Bernhard

Abstract

Eine höhere Nettozuwanderung nach Deutschland könnte ein Schlüssel zur Abmilderung der Alterung der Erwerbsbevölkerung werden. Doch welche Migrationspotenziale existieren weltweit und wie groß wird die resultierende Zuwanderung voraussichtlich sein? Deutschland ist eines der präferierten Zielländer weltweit, besonders in Europa, dem Mittleren Osten und Nordafrika. Zugleich sind englischsprachige Zielländer erheblich attraktiver. Insgesamt würden knapp 50 Millionen Menschen im erwerbsfähigen Alter gerne nach Deutschland migrieren, wenn sie die Chance dazu hätten. Pro Jahr migrieren jedoch nur etwa drei Prozent dieser Personen tatsächlich nach Deutschland, sodass eine weitaus geringere Bruttozuwanderung resultiert. Außerdem bleibt nur ein Teil dieser Migranten langfristig in Deutschland, sodass die Nettozuwanderung pro Jahr trotz des großen Migrationspotenzials nur einige hunderttausend beträgt. Die starke Alterung der Bevölkerung wird so nur in geringem Maße wettgemacht. Durch aktive Gestaltung der Zuwanderungspolitik und eine Verbesserung der Integrationsbedingungen ließe sich, gegeben des großen Migrationspotenzials im Ausland, der in Teilen der Wirtschaft bestehende Fachkräftemangel weitaus stärker abmildern als es bisher der Fall ist. Um diese Zusammenhänge besser zu verstehen untersuchen die Autoren in diesem Beitrag Deutschlands Attraktivität als Zielland, die Einflussfaktoren auf die Migrationsentscheidung und die Entscheidung langfristig in Deutschland zu bleiben sowie die daraus resultierenden Zuwanderungs- und Abwanderungszahlen. Die Autoren berechnen außerdem den Einfluss des Bevölkerungswachstums in Herkunftsländern und führen Szenarienanalysen durch, um die zu erwartenden Wanderungssalden in verschiedenen wirtschaftlichen Erholungsszenarien bis 2030 zu beleuchten.

Suggested Citation

  • Heidland, Tobias & Jannsen, Nils & Groll, Dominik & Kalweit, René & Boockmann, Bernhard, 2021. "Analyse und Prognose von Migrationsbewegungen," Kieler Beiträge zur Wirtschaftspolitik 34, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkbw:34
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    Keywords

    scenario analysis; migration potential; Immigration; emigration; Germany; scenario analysis; Migrationspotenzial; Einwanderung; Auswanderung; Deutschland;
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