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The State of Patenting at Research Institutions in Developing Countries: Policy Approaches and Practices

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  • Pluvia Zuniga

    ((1) United Nations University and Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands)

Abstract

By granting universities and public research organizations (PROs) the rights to their own intellectual property (IP) - patents, copyrights, trademarks, utility models, industrial designs - derived from statefinanced research, and allowing them to commercialize their results, governments seek to accelerate the transformation of scientific discoveries into industrial applications, and to strengthen collaborative ties between the universities and industries. This study reviews the experience of advanced countries and discusses the opportunities and challenges offered by patents to foster technology transfer from government funded research institutions in developing countries. It presents a review of policy frameworks and recent policy changes aimed to foster academic patenting and technology transfer in low- and middle-income countries. It then analyzes patenting activities by universities and PROs and compares these trends with respect to high-income countries. This analysis is complemented with an assessment of the current state of patenting and technology commercialization practices in a selected group of technology transfer offices (TTOs). We finally discuss policy implications and the challenges developing countries face to build effective technology transfer systems and take full benefit of patents and other intellectual property rights.

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  • Pluvia Zuniga, 2011. "The State of Patenting at Research Institutions in Developing Countries: Policy Approaches and Practices," WIPO Economic Research Working Papers 04, World Intellectual Property Organization - Economics and Statistics Division, revised Dec 2011.
    • Handle: RePEc:wip:wpaper:04
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    Cited by:

    1. Burhan, Muqbil & Singh, Anil K. & Jain, Sudhir K., 2017. "Patents as proxy for measuring innovations: A case of changing patent filing behavior in Indian public funded research organizations," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 181-190.
    2. Catalina Martínez & Valerio Sterzi, 2021. "The impact of the abolishment of the professor’s privilege on European university-owned patents," Industry and Innovation, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(3), pages 247-282, March.
    3. Aridi, Anwar & Querejazu, Daniel & Zuniga, Pluvia, 2021. "Knowledge transfer activities and conditions for impact in Bulgarian public research institutions: A survey-based diagnostic," MERIT Working Papers 2021-026, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    4. Temel, Serdal & Dabić, Marina & Murat Ar, Ilker & Howells, Jeremy & Ali Mert, & Yesilay, Rustem Baris, 2021. "Exploring the relationship between university innovation intermediaries and patenting performance," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    5. Henry Etzkowitz, 2013. "Mistaking dawn for dusk: quantophrenia and the cult of numerology in technology transfer analysis," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 97(3), pages 913-925, December.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Universities; patenting; public research; technology transfer; licensing;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I23 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Higher Education; Research Institutions
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • O34 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital

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