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Capturing Technological Opportunity via Japan's Star Scientists: Evidence from Japanese Firms' Biotech Patents and Products

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Author Info
Lynne G. Zucker
Michael R. Darby

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Abstract

Using detailed data on biotechnology in Japan, we find that identifiable collaborations" between particular university star scientists and firms have a large positive impact on firms'" research productivity, increasing the average firm's biotech patents by 34 percent development by 27 percent, and products on the market by 8 percent as of 1989-1990. However there is little evidence of geographically localized knowledge spillovers. In early industry" formation, star scientists holding tacit knowledge required to practice recombinant DNA (genetic" engineering) were of great economic value, leading to incentives motivating their participation in" technology transfer. In Japan, the legal and institutional context implies that firm scientists work" in the stars' university laboratories in contrast to America where the stars are more likely to work" in the firm's labs. As a result, star collaborations in Japan are less localized around their research" universities so that the universities' local economic development impact is lessened. Stars'" scientific productivity is increased less during collaborations with firms in Japan as compared to" the U.S.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 6360.

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Date of creation: Jan 1998
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:6360

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O31 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Technological Change - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives

References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:

  1. Michael R. Darby & Lynne G. Zucker, 1996. "Star Scientists, Institutions, and the Entry of Japanese Biotechnology Enterprises," NBER Working Papers 5795, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Lynne G. Zucker & Michael R. Darby & Marilynn B. Brewer, 1999. "Intellectual Capital and the Birth of U.S. Biotechnology Enterprises," NBER Working Papers 4653, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Griliches, Zvi, 1990. "Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: A Survey," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 28(4), pages 1661-1707, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  4. Jerry A. Hausman & Bronwyn H. Hall & Zvi Griliches, 1984. "Econometric Models for Count Data with an Application to the Patents-R&D Relationship," NBER Technical Working Papers 0017, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  5. Lee Branstetter & Mariko Sakakibara, 1997. "Japanese Research Consortia: A Microeconometric Analysis of Industrial Policy," NBER Working Papers 6066, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Weinstein, David E & Yafeh, Yishay, 1995. "Japan's Corporate Groups: Collusion or Competitive? An Empirical Investigation of Keiretsu Behavior," Journal of Industrial Economics, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 43(4), pages 359-76, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  7. repec:fth:harver:1473 is not listed on IDEAS
  8. Jaffe, Adam B, 1989. "Real Effects of Academic Research," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 79(5), pages 957-70, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Zucker, Lynne G & Darby, Michael R & Armstrong, Jeff, 1998. "Geographically Localized Knowledge: Spillovers or Markets?," Economic Inquiry, Oxford University Press, vol. 36(1), pages 65-86, January.
  10. Cameron, A. Colin & Trivedi, Pravin K., 1990. "Regression-based tests for overdispersion in the Poisson model," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 46(3), pages 347-364, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Klevorick, Alvin K. & Levin, Richard C. & Nelson, Richard R. & Winter, Sidney G., 1995. "On the sources and significance of interindustry differences in technological opportunities," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 185-205, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  12. Adam B. Jaffe, 1986. "Technological Opportunity and Spillovers of R&D: Evidence from Firms' Patents, Profits and Market Value," NBER Working Papers 1815, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  13. Zucker, Lynne G & Darby, Michael R & Brewer, Marilynn B, 1998. "Intellectual Human Capital and the Birth of U.S. Biotechnology Enterprises," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 88(1), pages 290-306, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Wooldridge, Jeffrey M., 1991. "On the application of robust, regression- based diagnostics to models of conditional means and conditional variances," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 5-46, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Henry G. Grabowski, 2003. "Patents and new product development in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, issue Sep, pages 87-104. [Downloadable!]
  2. John V. Duca & Mine K. Yücel, 2003. "Exploring the economics of biotechnology: an overview," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, issue Sep, pages 3-10. [Downloadable!]
  3. Rebecca S. Eisenberg, 2003. "Reaching through the genome," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, issue Sep, pages 105-115. [Downloadable!]
  4. Lynne G. Zucker & Michael R. Darby & Jeff S. Armstrong, 2001. "Commercializing Knowledge: University Science, Knowledge Capture, and Firm Performance in Biotechnology," NBER Working Papers 8499, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  5. Lynne G. Zucker & Michael R. Darby & Jonathan Furner & Robert C. Liu & Hongyan Ma, 2006. "Minerva Unbound: Knowledge Stocks, Knowledge Flows and New Knowledge Production," NBER Working Papers 12669, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  6. Michael R. Darby & Lynne G. Zucker, 2003. "Growing by leaps and inches: creative destruction, real cost reduction, and inching up," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, issue Sep, pages 13-42. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  7. Lynne G. Zucker & Michael R. Darby & Yusheng Peng, 1998. "Fundamentals or Population Dynamics and the Geographic Distribution of U.S. Biotechnology Enterprises, 1976-1989," NBER Working Papers 6414, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Tsuyoshi Nakamura & Kazuo Ueda, 2006. "On the Failure of University-Industry Research Collaboration to Stimulate High Quality Research in Japan," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-404, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo. [Downloadable!]
  9. Frank R. Lichtenberg, 2003. "The benefits to society of new drugs: a survey of the econometric evidence," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, issue Sep, pages 43-59. [Downloadable!]
  10. Jeffrey Cohen & Catherine Morrison Paul, 2001. "Spatial and Supply/Demand Agglomeration Economies: An Evaluation of State- and Industry-Linkages in the U.S. Food System," Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, UC Davis, Working Paper Series 1015, Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, UC Davis. [Downloadable!]
  11. Donald S. Siegel & Phillip H. Phan, 2004. "Analyzing the Effectiveness of University Technology Transfer: Implications for Entrepreneurship Education," Rensselaer Working Papers in Economics 0426, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  12. Michael S. Lawlor, 2003. "Biotechnology and government funding: economic motivation and policy models," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, issue Sep, pages 131-146. [Downloadable!]
  13. Timothy F. Howe, 2003. "Financing biotechnology research: a firsthand perspective," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, issue Sep, pages 119-130. [Downloadable!]
  14. Albert N. Link & Donald S. Siegel & Barry Bozeman, 2006. "An Empirical Analysis of the Propensity of Academics to Engage in Informal University Technology Transfer," Rensselaer Working Papers in Economics 0610, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  15. Malcolm Gillis, 2003. "Harnessing new technologies for the 21st century," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, issue Sep, pages 63-75. [Downloadable!]
  16. Bee Yan Aw & Alfons Palangkaraya, 2004. "Local Knowledge Spillovers in the Indonesian Manufacturing Industry," Melbourne Institute Working Paper Series wp2004n18, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne. [Downloadable!]
  17. Cassiman, Bruno & Veugelers, Reinhilde & Zuniga, Pluvia, 2007. "Science linkages and innovation performance: An analysis on CIS-3 firms in Belgium," IESE Research Papers D/671, IESE Business School. [Downloadable!]
  18. C. Thomas Caskey, 2003. "The convergence of disruptive technologies enabling a new industrial approach to health products," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, issue Sep, pages 77-84. [Downloadable!]
  19. Börje Johansson & Hans Lööf & Amy Rade Olsson, 2005. "Firm location, Corporate Structure, R&D Investment, Innovation and Productivity," ERSA conference papers ersa05p108, European Regional Science Association. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  20. Michael R. Darby & Lynne G. Zucker & Andrew Wang, 2003. "Universities, Joint Ventures, and Success in the Advanced Technology Program," NBER Working Papers 9463, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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