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¿Se premia la habilidad en el mercado laboral docente? ¿Cuánto impacta en el desempeño de los estudiantes?

Author

Listed:
  • David Bravo
  • Bárbara Flores
  • Patricia Medrano

Abstract

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar si el mercado laboral reconoce monetariamente la habilidad de los docentes en Chile y si ésta afecta el desempeño académico de los estudiantes. Para ello, se estiman ecuaciones de salario y funciones de producción educacionales incluyendo una medida de habilidad, definida como el residuo extraído entre el puntaje obtenido en la Prueba de Aptitud Académica y el puntaje predicho una vez que ha sido regresionado sobre factores socioeconómico de origen de los docentes. Esto permite analizar si existe en el mercado laboral docente un premio por mayor habilidad y estudiar si mayor habilidad, se traduce en un mayor desempeño promedio de los estudiantes. Los resultados indican que existe un premio por habilidad para los docentes que se desempeñan en el sector particular subvencionado y pagado, no así en el sector municipal. Esto se explica por la estructura de remuneraciones docentes existente en el sector municial, ya que por Estatuto Docente, se paga prinicipalmente por experiencia en el ejercicio de la docencia y no por desempeño. En cambio, la mayor flexibilidad en el sector particular, permite premiar a docentes más hábiles. Luego, para algunas especificaciones del modelo de determinantes de calidad profesional, se observa que mayor habilidad docente incrementa el desempeño promedio de los estudiantes de los sectores particular subvencionado y pagado. En consecuencia, el premio obtenido en el mercado laboral por docentes más hábiles estaría completamente justificado.

Suggested Citation

  • David Bravo & Bárbara Flores & Patricia Medrano, 2010. "¿Se premia la habilidad en el mercado laboral docente? ¿Cuánto impacta en el desempeño de los estudiantes?," Working Papers wp327, University of Chile, Department of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:udc:wpaper:wp327
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    Cited by:

    1. Michela M. Tincani, 2021. "Teacher labor markets, school vouchers, and student cognitive achievement: Evidence from Chile," Quantitative Economics, Econometric Society, vol. 12(1), pages 173-216, January.
    2. Michela Tincani, 2014. "School Vouchers and the Joint Sorting of Students and Teachers," Working Papers 2014-012, Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Working Group.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Educación; remuneraciones docentes; desempeño académico.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I20 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - General
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials

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