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Lessons learned: Internationale Evaluierungsergebnisse zu Wirkungen aktiver und aktivierender Arbeitsmarktpolitik Author info | Abstract | Publisher info | Download info | Related research | Statistics Konle-Seidl, Regina () (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany])
"In Deutschland wird jährlich rund ein Prozent der volkswirtschaftlichen Wertschöpfung (BIP) für aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik (AAMP) ausgegeben, die im ursprünglichen Sinn eigentlich Investitionen darstellen sollten. Aus Ländern mit ähnlich hohen Ausgaben für aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik - aber einer ausgeprägteren Evaluationskultur als hierzulande - gibt es Hinweise, dass trotz hohen Ressourcenaufwands das Ziel einer beschleunigten Reintegration von Arbeitslosen in Beschäftigung verfehlt wird. Der Überblick fasst Ergebnisse aktueller nationaler und internationaler Evaluationsstudien zu direkten und indirekten Effekten von AAMP auf die messbaren Zielgrößen individuelle Beschäftigungschancen und (sekundär) Einkommen zusammen. Dabei steht die Frage im Mittelpunkt, welche Instrumente/ Maßnahmen/Programme über Ländergrenzen hinweg als effektiv und als effizient (soweit Kosten einbezogen werden konnten) einzustufen sind. Während die Ergebnisse der Evaluierungsstudien ein überwiegend enttäuschendes Resultat hinsichtlich der Wirkung der 'klassischen' Instrumente der AAMP erbrachten, ist die empirische Evidenz der Wirksamkeit einer 'aktivierenden' Arbeitsmarktpolitik hoch. Die Einbeziehung von Anreizeffekten, die sich aus der Interaktion mit der Arbeitslosenunterstützung ergeben, hat einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf Erfolg bzw. Misserfolg einer Vielzahl von Maßnahmen. In Deutschland scheint man in den vergangenen Jahren die entsprechenden Lektionen ('Lessons learned') hinsichtlich der Eingrenzung negativer Anreizeffekte von Lohnersatzleistungen und der Begrenzung von negativen Voraus-, Neben- und Nachwirkungen von AAMP im Rahmen der Durchsetzung einer Politik des 'Forderns' gelernt zu haben. Offen bleibt die Frage nach einer wirksameren Ausgestaltung des 'Förderns'. Darauf aufbauend werden einige Überlegungen angestellt, wie Arbeitsmarktpolitik in Deutschland künftig wieder einen stärker investiven Charakter erhalten könnte. Damit AAMP zu nachhaltigen Investitionen in die Bildungs- und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit der Erwerbslosen und Erwerbstätigen führt, könnten beispielsweise Anreize zur Umwandlung von Arbeitslosengeldansprüchen in Bildungsgutscheine geschaffen werden. Damit könnte nicht nur eine stärker präventive Orientierung der AAMP erfolgen, sondern ein effektiverer (und u. U. auch effizienterer) Beitrag zur Behebung der Bildungsmisere in Deutschland geleistet werden, die nicht nur den Beschäftigungsbereich der niedrigen Qualifikationen betrifft, sondern durchgehend alle Qualifikationsstufen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Paper provided by Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany] in its series IAB-Forschungsbericht with number
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Length: 66 pages
Date of creation: 22 Feb 2005Date of revision:
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Keywords: arbeitsmarktpolitische Maßnahme - Erfolgskontrolle ; aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik - Effizienz ; Wirkungsforschung - internationaler Vergleich ; OECD ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; Schweden ; Schweiz ; This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports :
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references Cited by : (explanations , Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile , click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)
Werner Eichhorst & Klaus F. Zimmermann, 2007.
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