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Effects of Trade and Technology on the Mexican Labor Market

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  • López Noria Gabriela

Abstract

This paper assesses the effects of trade and technological change on Mexico's labor market between 1994 and 2019. The implications of the exposure of local labor markets to greater trade integration under NAFTA and to greater competition from China in the US market are analyzed, as are the consequences of the exposure of local labor markets to automation. The main results show that trade integration under NAFTA promoted employment in Mexico for all demographic groups, especially for women and the less educated. In addition, it is also found that trade integration reduced unemployment and the non-participation rate. China's competition in the US market had the opposite effects on these indicators. Finally, the analysis by sector (manufacturing and non-manufacturing) suggests that those markets susceptible to automation experienced a pattern of labor polarization.

Suggested Citation

  • López Noria Gabriela, 2021. "Effects of Trade and Technology on the Mexican Labor Market," Working Papers 2021-22, Banco de México.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdm:wpaper:2021-22
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Trade Policy; Labor Markets; Technology Adoption and Technology and Employment;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F16 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

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