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Preventing bank panics: The role of the regulator's preferences

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  • Jiahong Gao
  • Robert R. Reed

Abstract

How do the preferences of a banking authority affect its decision making in periods of distress and thus financial stability? We study this question in a version of Diamond and Dybvig (1983) with a monopolistic bank and a time‐consistent policy response by a banking authority. We show that limited commitment on the part of the banking authority may induce fragility but the banking authority's incentives are also an important determining factor in the degree of financial stability. In particular, under a simple suspension scheme, delegating a banking authority who places sufficient weight on a banker's welfare acts as a commitment device and prevents runs, in analogy with how a Rogoff (1985) “conservative” central banker helps reduce inflation bias. In contrast, once interventions take the form of payment rescheduling, the scope for the bank's susceptibility to a panic increases should the banking authority put more weight on monopoly rents. Identifying such an aspect of vulnerability suggests that appointing a banking authority whose objective function deviates from that of depositors may have unintended consequences. Prévenir les paniques bancaires : le rôle des préférences de l'autorité de réglementation. Quelle est l'incidence des préférences d'une autorité bancaire sur ses décisions en période de crise et du coup sur la stabilité financière? Nous étudions cette question dans une version du modèle de Diamond‐Dybvig (1983) à l'aide d'une banque monopolistique et d'une réponse de la politique cohérente dans le temps de l'autorité bancaire. Nous montrons qu'un engagement limité de la part de l'autorité bancaire peut susciter une fragilité, mais que les incitatifs de l'autorité bancaire sont également un facteur déterminant important dans le degré de stabilité financière. En particulier, dans un simple schéma de suspension, le fait de déléguer une autorité bancaire qui accorde suffisamment d'importance au bien‐être du banquier agit comme un dispositif d'engagement et empêche les retraits massifs, par analogie avec la façon dont le banquier central « conservateur » de Rogoff (1985) contribue à réduire le biais inflationniste. En revanche, lorsque les interventions prennent la forme de rééchelonnement des paiements, l'ampleur de la susceptibilité de la banque à une panique augmente si l'autorité bancaire accorde plus d'importance aux rentes de monopole. Déterminer un tel élément de vulnérabilité donne à penser que le fait de nommer une autorité bancaire dont la fonction d'objectifs dévie de celle de ces déposants peut avoir des conséquences inattendues.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiahong Gao & Robert R. Reed, 2023. "Preventing bank panics: The role of the regulator's preferences," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 56(2), pages 387-422, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:56:y:2023:i:2:p:387-422
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12648
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