Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/s/nat/nature223.html
Content
January 2009, Volume 457, Issue 7228
- 376-378 Social networking: Crisis communication
by Lea Winerman - 379-379 Ecologists should join astronomers to oppose light pollution
by Josef Settele - 379-379 Scientists stand by decision to join Mbeki's AIDS panel
by Salim S. Abdool Karim & Hoosen M. Coovadia & Malegapuru W. Makgoba - 379-379 Lindauer's genius showed evolution in a simple experiment
by William L. Abler - 379-379 When winning a Nobel Prize seems to run in the family
by Jay M. Pasachoff - 379-379 Culture clash in Chinese university: a response
by Keming Cui - 380-381 Kinship: Race relations
by Aravinda Chakravarti - 382-383 Evolution's challenge to genetics
by Jerry A. Coyne - 383-384 The future is now
by Arran Frood - 384-385 Is there life on Europa?
by Kevin P. Hand - 385-385 Scripting scientists' lives
by Jascha Hoffman - 387-388 Pre-emptive blood flow
by David A. Leopold - 388-389 Galaxies in from the cold
by Reinhard Genzel - 389-390 Actin in a twist
by Kenneth C. Holmes - 391-392 Shifts in season
by David J. Thomson - 392-393 Concealed enzyme coordination
by Elio A. Abbondanzieri & Xiaowei Zhuang - 394-394 Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (1923–2008)
by Jaap Goudsmit - 395-395 RNA silencing
by Angela K. Eggleston - 396-404 On the road to reading the RNA-interference code
by Haruhiko Siomi & Mikiko C. Siomi - 405-412 A three-dimensional view of the molecular machinery of RNA interference
by Martin Jinek & Jennifer A. Doudna - 413-420 Small RNAs in transcriptional gene silencing and genome defence
by Danesh Moazed - 421-425 Viral and cellular messenger RNA targets of viral microRNAs
by Bryan R. Cullen - 426-433 The promises and pitfalls of RNA-interference-based therapeutics
by Daniela Castanotto & John J. Rossi - 435-440 Changes in the phase of the annual cycle of surface temperature
by A. R. Stine & P. Huybers & I. Y. Fung - 441-445 The nature of the globular- to fibrous-actin transition
by Toshiro Oda & Mitsusada Iwasa & Tomoki Aihara & Yuichiro Maéda & Akihiro Narita - 446-450 Intersubunit coordination in a homomeric ring ATPase
by Jeffrey R. Moffitt & Yann R. Chemla & K. Aathavan & Shelley Grimes & Paul J. Jardine & Dwight L. Anderson & Carlos Bustamante - 451-454 Cold streams in early massive hot haloes as the main mode of galaxy formation
by A. Dekel & Y. Birnboim & G. Engel & J. Freundlich & T. Goerdt & M. Mumcuoglu & E. Neistein & C. Pichon & R. Teyssier & E. Zinger - 455-458 High-Q surface-plasmon-polariton whispering-gallery microcavity
by Bumki Min & Eric Ostby & Volker Sorger & Erick Ulin-Avila & Lan Yang & Xiang Zhang & Kerry Vahala - 459-462 Warming of the Antarctic ice-sheet surface since the 1957 International Geophysical Year
by Eric J. Steig & David P. Schneider & Scott D. Rutherford & Michael E. Mann & Josefino C. Comiso & Drew T. Shindell - 463-466 A simple model of bipartite cooperation for ecological and organizational networks
by Serguei Saavedra & Felix Reed-Tsochas & Brian Uzzi - 467-470 Ferritin is used for iron storage in bloom-forming marine pennate diatoms
by Adrian Marchetti & Micaela S. Parker & Lauren P. Moccia & Ellen O. Lin & Angele L. Arrieta & Francois Ribalet & Michael E. P. Murphy & Maria T. Maldonado & E. Virginia Armbrust - 471-474 Discovery of a sexual cycle in the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus
by Céline M. O’Gorman & Hubert T. Fuller & Paul S. Dyer - 475-479 Anticipatory haemodynamic signals in sensory cortex not predicted by local neuronal activity
by Yevgeniy B. Sirotin & Aniruddha Das - 480-484 A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins
by Peter J. Turnbaugh & Micah Hamady & Tanya Yatsunenko & Brandi L. Cantarel & Alexis Duncan & Ruth E. Ley & Mitchell L. Sogin & William J. Jones & Bruce A. Roe & Jason P. Affourtit & Michael Egholm & Bernard Henrissat & Andrew C. Heath & Rob Knight & Jeffrey I. Gordon - 485-489 Protein kinase R reveals an evolutionary model for defeating viral mimicry
by Nels C. Elde & Stephanie J. Child & Adam P. Geballe & Harmit S. Malik - 490-494 Endochondral ossification is required for haematopoietic stem-cell niche formation
by Charles K. F. Chan & Ching-Cheng Chen & Cynthia A. Luppen & Jae-Beom Kim & Anthony T. DeBoer & Kevin Wei & Jill A. Helms & Calvin J. Kuo & Daniel L. Kraft & Irving L. Weissman - 495-499 Pulsed contractions of an actin–myosin network drive apical constriction
by Adam C. Martin & Matthias Kaschube & Eric F. Wieschaus - 500-500 Erratum: Major gradients in putatively nitrifying and non-nitrifying Archaea in the deep North Atlantic
by Hélène Agogué & Maaike Brink & Julie Dinasquet & Gerhard J. Herndl - 501-501 A day in the life
by Gene Russo - 502-502 Research assistants join a union
by Karen Kaplan - 502-502 A pregnant pause
by Julia Boughner - 502-502 Linda Birnbaum, director, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
by Virginia Gewin - 504-504 Replacement
by Shelly Li
January 2009, Volume 457, Issue 7227
- 239-239 Journal club
by Jason W. Chin - 240-241 Science tipped to score in Obama cash stimulus
by Jeff Tollefson - 241-241 Steven Chu prepares for power
by Rex Dalton - 243-243 Ocean study draws ire
by Quirin Schiermeier - 245-245 Brain imaging studies under fire
by Alison Abbott - 246-247 Where the rubber meets the garden
by Jane Qiu - 250-251 Bush's legacy: The wasted years
by Declan Butler - 252-253 Bush's legacy: 43 by the numbers
by Mark Schrope - 254-256 Bush's legacy: An unlikely champion
by Erika Check Hayden - 257-257 Research on primate brains is scrutinized and must be justified
by Kevan A. C. Martin - 257-257 Choosing between batteries or biomass to stay on the road
by Lucien F. Trueb - 257-257 Japan should intensify embryonic stem-cell investigations
by Hisashi Moriguchi & Chifumi Sato - 257-257 Genetic records threaten patients' privacy
by Tom Goffman - 262-263 Fifty years of pheromones
by Tristram D. Wyatt - 264-265 How to end the copyright wars
by Jonathan Zittrain - 265-266 Fusion history beyond the fiascos
by Jean Jacquinot - 266-267 Our culture of obsession
by Ian Brooks - 267-267 Q&A: Chemistry in the kitchen
by Jascha Hoffman - 269-270 Tailor-made diseased neurons
by Michael Sendtner - 270-271 Rotating convection on the edge
by Peter L. Read - 271-272 The yin and yang of nature
by Jeff Gore & Alexander van Oudenaarden - 273-274 Going with the flow
by Jonathan Keeling & Natalia G. Berloff - 274-274 Bend, fold and stretch
by Liesbeth Venema - 275-275 Edwin Salpeter (1924–2008)
by Saul A. Teukolsky & Ira Wasserman - 277-280 Induced pluripotent stem cells from a spinal muscular atrophy patient
by Allison D. Ebert & Junying Yu & Ferrill F. Rose & Virginia B. Mattis & Christian L. Lorson & James A. Thomson & Clive N. Svendsen - 281-287 Photon capture and signalling by melanopsin retinal ganglion cells
by Michael Tri H. Do & Shin H. Kang & Tian Xue & Haining Zhong & Hsi-Wen Liao & Dwight E. Bergles & King-Wai Yau - 288-290 A binary origin for ‘blue stragglers’ in globular clusters
by Christian Knigge & Nathan Leigh & Alison Sills - 291-295 Collective fluid dynamics of a polariton condensate in a semiconductor microcavity
by A. Amo & D. Sanvitto & F. P. Laussy & D. Ballarini & E. del Valle & M. D. Martin & A. Lemaître & J. Bloch & D. N. Krizhanovskii & M. S. Skolnick & C. Tejedor & L. Viña - 296-300 Competition between the pseudogap and superconductivity in the high-Tc copper oxides
by Takeshi Kondo & Rustem Khasanov & Tsunehiro Takeuchi & Jörg Schmalian & Adam Kaminski - 301-304 Boundary layer control of rotating convection systems
by Eric M. King & Stephan Stellmach & Jerome Noir & Ulrich Hansen & Jonathan M. Aurnou - 305-308 The braincase and jaws of a Devonian ‘acanthodian’ and modern gnathostome origins
by Martin D. Brazeau - 309-312 A tunable synthetic mammalian oscillator
by Marcel Tigges & Tatiana T. Marquez-Lago & Jörg Stelling & Martin Fussenegger - 313-317 Experience leaves a lasting structural trace in cortical circuits
by Sonja B. Hofer & Thomas D. Mrsic-Flogel & Tobias Bonhoeffer & Mark Hübener - 318-321 Role for Spi-C in the development of red pulp macrophages and splenic iron homeostasis
by Masako Kohyama & Wataru Ise & Brian T. Edelson & Peter R. Wilker & Kai Hildner & Carlo Mejia & William A. Frazier & Theresa L. Murphy & Kenneth M. Murphy - 322-326 The insect nephrocyte is a podocyte-like cell with a filtration slit diaphragm
by Helen Weavers & Silvia Prieto-Sánchez & Ferdinand Grawe & Amparo Garcia-López & Ruben Artero & Michaela Wilsch-Bräuninger & Mar Ruiz-Gómez & Helen Skaer & Barry Denholm - 327-331 Altered circadian rhythms regulate growth vigour in hybrids and allopolyploids
by Zhongfu Ni & Eun-Deok Kim & Misook Ha & Erika Lackey & Jianxin Liu & Yirong Zhang & Qixin Sun & Z. Jeffrey Chen - 332-335 Transcription inactivation through local refolding of the RNA polymerase structure
by Georgiy A. Belogurov & Marina N. Vassylyeva & Anastasiya Sevostyanova & James R. Appleman & Alan X. Xiang & Ricardo Lira & Stephen E. Webber & Sergiy Klyuyev & Evgeny Nudler & Irina Artsimovitch & Dmitry G. Vassylyev - 336-339 Dynamics of DNA replication loops reveal temporal control of lagging-strand synthesis
by Samir M. Hamdan & Joseph J. Loparo & Masateru Takahashi & Charles C. Richardson & Antoine M. van Oijen - 340-340 Erratum: Microfibre–nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging
by Yong Qin & Xudong Wang & Zhong Lin Wang - 341-341 A question of rank
by Gene Russo - 342-343 Fear factor
by Genevive Bjorn - 346-346 Making memories
by John Frizell
January 2009, Volume 457, Issue 7226
- 133-133 Journal club
by Stephen Curry - 136-137 Biotechs feel the pain
by Heidi Ledford - 139-139 European boost for particle therapy
by Vicki Brower - 141-143 Ocean research: The lab at the bottom of the sea
by Mark Schrope - 144-146 Forestry: A green investment
by Paroma Basu - 147-147 Western prosperity is based on resources that are running out
by Hervé Philippe - 147-147 Replacement of animals in research will never be possible
by Roberto Caminiti - 147-147 'Subspecies' and 'race' should not be used as synonyms
by Michael A. Patten - 148-148 Love: Neuroscience reveals all
by Larry J Young - 149-150 Future tigers of innovation
by Ming-Wei Wang - 150-150 Innovative reading
by Jenny Meyer - 150-151 India's scientific legacy
by Jayant V. Narlikar - 151-152 The learning revolution
by Jean-Claude Bradley - 152-152 Rare books in the flesh
by Jay M. Pasachoff - 153-154 Molecular diversity by design
by Stuart L. Schreiber - 155-156 Barrier to electrical storms
by Richard M. Ransohoff - 156-157 Quantum force turns repulsive
by Steve K. Lamoreaux - 157-158 Errors rectified in retrospect
by Kurt Fredrick & Michael Ibba - 158-159 Magnetic bond
by Christopher M. Johns-Krull - 159-160 Anticancer drug target pictured
by Michael R. Waterman - 160-160 A taste of umami
by Sadaf Shadan - 161-166 Quality control by the ribosome following peptide bond formation
by Hani S. Zaher & Rachel Green - 167-169 Energy flux determines magnetic field strength of planets and stars
by Ulrich R. Christensen & Volkmar Holzwarth & Ansgar Reiners - 170-173 Measured long-range repulsive Casimir–Lifshitz forces
by J. N. Munday & Federico Capasso & V. Adrian Parsegian - 174-178 Electrically pumped photonic-crystal terahertz lasers controlled by boundary conditions
by Y. Chassagneux & R. Colombelli & W. Maineult & S. Barbieri & H. E. Beere & D. A. Ritchie & S. P. Khanna & E. H. Linfield & A. G. Davies - 179-182 Early formation of evolved asteroidal crust
by James M. D. Day & Richard D. Ash & Yang Liu & Jeremy J. Bellucci & Douglas Rumble III & William F. McDonough & Richard J. Walker & Lawrence A. Taylor - 183-186 Diversity dynamics of marine planktonic diatoms across the Cenozoic
by Daniel L. Rabosky & Ulf Sorhannus - 187-190 Neural processing of auditory feedback during vocal practice in a songbird
by Georg B. Keller & Richard H. R. Hahnloser - 191-195 Myelomonocytic cell recruitment causes fatal CNS vascular injury during acute viral meningitis
by Jiyun V. Kim & Silvia S. Kang & Michael L. Dustin & Dorian B. McGavern - 196-199 Memory CD8 T-cell compartment grows in size with immunological experience
by Vaiva Vezys & Andrew Yates & Kerry A. Casey & Gibson Lanier & Rafi Ahmed & Rustom Antia & David Masopust - 200-204 Frequent in-frame somatic deletions activate gp130 in inflammatory hepatocellular tumours
by Sandra Rebouissou & Mohamed Amessou & Gabrielle Couchy & Karine Poussin & Sandrine Imbeaud & Camilla Pilati & Tina Izard & Charles Balabaud & Paulette Bioulac-Sage & Jessica Zucman-Rossi - 205-209 The dynein regulatory complex is required for ciliary motility and otolith biogenesis in the inner ear
by Jessica R. Colantonio & Julien Vermot & David Wu & Adam D. Langenbacher & Scott Fraser & Jau-Nian Chen & Kent L. Hill - 210-214 Caenorhabditis elegans dauers need LKB1/AMPK to ration lipid reserves and ensure long-term survival
by Patrick Narbonne & Richard Roy - 215-218 Analysis of combinatorial cis-regulation in synthetic and genomic promoters
by Jason Gertz & Eric D. Siggia & Barak A. Cohen - 219-223 Structural basis for androgen specificity and oestrogen synthesis in human aromatase
by Debashis Ghosh & Jennifer Griswold & Mary Erman & Walter Pangborn - 225-225 Website gets a new look
by Gene Russo - 228-228 Survival
by Graeme Wistow
January 2009, Volume 457, Issue 7225
- 1-2 Down but not out, and still fighting
by Amanda Goh - 2-2 Lofty ambitions
by Aliza le Roux - 2-2 Postdoc Resolutions
by Jon Yearsley - 2-2 Suffering from nostalgia
by Zachary Lippman - 10-11 Obama's picks underline climate focus
by Eric Hand & Alexandra Witze - 11-12 Universities struggle as value of endowments falls
by Eric Hand - 13-13 Good grades, but who gets the cash?
by Natasha Gilbert - 14-14 Single fund for African science aid
by Linda Nordling - 17-17 The new boss in town
by David Goldston - 18-25 Year of astronomy: New eyes, new skies
by Jeff Kanipe & Lynette Cook - 26-26 Problems with anti-plagiarism database
by Mauno Vihinen - 26-26 Honeybee and the Phoenix analysing instrument
by William V. Boynton - 26-26 Obama must match science rhetoric with action
by Lisa Borghesi - 27-27 Time to turn off the lights
by Malcolm Smith - 28-29 Mankind's place in the Universe
by Owen Gingerich - 30-30 Visions of ourselves
by Charles Cockell - 31-31 Q&A: One giant leap for art
by Daniel Cressey - 31-32 Voyaging to discovery, alone
by David Bodanis - 33-33 Hidden treasures: the Paris Observatory
by Alison Abbott - 35-36 Squeeze until it hurts
by Geoff J. Pryde - 36-37 Inflaming metastasis
by Alberto Mantovani - 37-39 Star formation branches out
by Ralph E. Pudritz - 39-40 How to treat those of ill repute
by Bettina Rockenbach & Manfred Milinski - 41-50 18 years of science with the Hubble Space Telescope
by Julianne J. Dalcanton - 51-56 Cell-cycle restriction limits DNA damage and maintains self-renewal of leukaemia stem cells
by Andrea Viale & Francesca De Franco & Annette Orleth & Valeria Cambiaghi & Virginia Giuliani & Daniela Bossi & Chiara Ronchini & Simona Ronzoni & Ivan Muradore & Silvia Monestiroli & Alberto Gobbi & Myriam Alcalay & Saverio Minucci & Pier Giuseppe Pelicci - 57-62 WSTF regulates the H2A.X DNA damage response via a novel tyrosine kinase activity
by Andrew Xiao & Haitao Li & David Shechter & Sung Hee Ahn & Laura A. Fabrizio & Hediye Erdjument-Bromage & Satoko Ishibe-Murakami & Bin Wang & Paul Tempst & Kay Hofmann & Dinshaw J. Patel & Stephen J. Elledge & C. David Allis - 63-66 A role for self-gravity at multiple length scales in the process of star formation
by Alyssa A. Goodman & Erik W. Rosolowsky & Michelle A. Borkin & Jonathan B. Foster & Michael Halle & Jens Kauffmann & Jaime E. Pineda - 67-70 Squeezing and over-squeezing of triphotons
by L. K. Shalm & R. B. A. Adamson & A. M. Steinberg - 71-75 Optical manipulation of nanoparticles and biomolecules in sub-wavelength slot waveguides
by Allen H. J. Yang & Sean D. Moore & Bradley S. Schmidt & Matthew Klug & Michal Lipson & David Erickson - 76-78 Seismic evidence for overpressured subducted oceanic crust and megathrust fault sealing
by Pascal Audet & Michael G. Bostock & Nikolas I. Christensen & Simon M. Peacock - 79-82 Indirect reciprocity provides only a narrow margin of efficiency for costly punishment
by Hisashi Ohtsuki & Yoh Iwasa & Martin A. Nowak - 83-86 Emergence of complex cell properties by learning to generalize in natural scenes
by Yan Karklin & Michael S. Lewicki - 87-91 Immune control of an SIV challenge by a T-cell-based vaccine in rhesus monkeys
by Jinyan Liu & Kara L. O’Brien & Diana M. Lynch & Nathaniel L. Simmons & Annalena La Porte & Ambryice M. Riggs & Peter Abbink & Rory T. Coffey & Lauren E. Grandpre & Michael S. Seaman & Gary Landucci & Donald N. Forthal & David C. Montefiori & Angela Carville & Keith G. Mansfield & Menzo J. Havenga & Maria G. Pau & Jaap Goudsmit & Dan H. Barouch - 92-96 Live-animal tracking of individual haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in their niche
by Cristina Lo Celso & Heather E. Fleming & Juwell W. Wu & Cher X. Zhao & Sam Miake-Lye & Joji Fujisaki & Daniel Côté & David W. Rowe & Charles P. Lin & David T. Scadden - 97-101 Detection of functional haematopoietic stem cell niche using real-time imaging
by Yucai Xie & Tong Yin & Winfried Wiegraebe & Xi C. He & Diana Miller & Danny Stark & Katherine Perko & Richard Alexander & Joel Schwartz & Justin C. Grindley & Jungeun Park & Jeff S. Haug & Joshua P. Wunderlich & Hua Li & Simon Zhang & Teri Johnson & Ricardo A. Feldman & Linheng Li - 102-106 Carcinoma-produced factors activate myeloid cells through TLR2 to stimulate metastasis
by Sunhwa Kim & Hiroyuki Takahashi & Wan-Wan Lin & Pascal Descargues & Sergei Grivennikov & Youngjun Kim & Jun-Li Luo & Michael Karin - 107-110 Chaperonin complex with a newly folded protein encapsulated in the folding chamber
by D. K. Clare & P. J. Bakkes & H. van Heerikhuizen & S. M. van der Vies & H. R. Saibil - 111-114 X-ray structure of a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel in an apparently open conformation
by Nicolas Bocquet & Hugues Nury & Marc Baaden & Chantal Le Poupon & Jean-Pierre Changeux & Marc Delarue & Pierre-Jean Corringer - 115-118 Structure of a potentially open state of a proton-activated pentameric ligand-gated ion channel
by Ricarda J. C. Hilf & Raimund Dutzler - 119-119 Journey's end
by Gene Russo - 122-122 Gravitational astronomy 101
by David Blair
December 2008, Volume 456, Issue 7224
- 7-7 Snowball prevention questioned
by Paul F. Hoffman & John W. Crowley & David T. Johnston & David S. Jones & Daniel P. Schrag - 8-8 Carbon cycling and snowball Earth
by Yves Goddéris & Yannick Donnadieu - 9-10 Peltier & Liu reply
by W. R. Peltier & Yonggang Liu - 844-845 News 2008
by Ashley Yeager - 846-847 Climate talks defer major challenges
by Jeff Tollefson - 847-847 Europe agrees emissions deal
by Quirin Schiermeier - 849-850 Nobel physicist to run energy agency
by Eric Hand - 850-850 Imaging advances provide immune-cell breakthroughs
by Erika Check Hayden - 851-851 Salary for CIRM head despite deficit
by Erika Check Hayden - 854-859 2008 Gallery: Images of the year
by Emma Marris - 860-861 News 2008: Prizewinners of the year
by Ashley Yeager - 862-868 Newsmaker of the year: The machine maker
by Geoff Brumfiel - 870-870 Finding of unusual soil on Mars could stem from tools used
by Alberto G. Fairén - 870-870 Online archives are revealing uncensored history of science
by William Burns - 870-870 You're the best man for this job, son. What a coincidence!
by Albert Ruggi - 871-872 Three rules for technological fixes
by Daniel Sarewitz & Richard Nelson - 873-874 A wonderful life by leaps and bounds
by Steve Jones - 874-874 Does genius breed success?
by Michael Bond - 875-875 The science communicator
by Zaheer Baber - 876-876 Looking at the face of the Earth
by Martin Kemp - 877-877 Migration: An engine for social change
by Peter J. Richerson & Robert Boyd - 879-880 Spliceosome meets telomerase
by Sophie Bonnal & Juan Valcárcel - 880-881 Don't look now
by Alexei Ourjoumtsev - 881-883 Tips from the tip of the iceberg
by Fred W. Turek - 883-885 Catalyst takes control to heart
by Steven T. Diver - 885-886 How to lose a tail
by Mary Ann Osley - 886-887 The eternal triangle
by Mark Harris - 887-888 Greasy proteins of the neuron
by Maurine E. Linder - 888-889 Nitrous oxide in flux
by Sharon A. Billings - 891-897 Sensing voltage across lipid membranes
by Kenton J. Swartz - 898-903 Geometric frustration in buckled colloidal monolayers
by Yilong Han & Yair Shokef & Ahmed M. Alsayed & Peter Yunker & Tom C. Lubensky & Arjun G. Yodh - 904-909 Neural palmitoyl-proteomics reveals dynamic synaptic palmitoylation
by Rujun Kang & Junmei Wan & Pamela Arstikaitis & Hideto Takahashi & Kun Huang & Aaron O. Bailey & James X. Thompson & Amy F. Roth & Renaldo C. Drisdel & Ryan Mastro & William N. Green & John R. Yates III & Nicholas G. Davis & Alaa El-Husseini - 910-914 Spliceosomal cleavage generates the 3′ end of telomerase RNA
by Jessica A. Box & Jeremy T. Bunch & Wen Tang & Peter Baumann - 915-920 SUMOylation regulates Rad18-mediated template switch
by Dana Branzei & Fabio Vanoli & Marco Foiani - 921-926 Structure of an argonaute silencing complex with a seed-containing guide DNA and target RNA duplex
by Yanli Wang & Stefan Juranek & Haitao Li & Gang Sheng & Thomas Tuschl & Dinshaw J. Patel