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What Causes the Child Penalty? Evidence from Adopting and Same-Sex Couples

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As found by EconAcademics.org, the blog aggregator for Economics research:
  1. Child Penalty amid Korea's Declining Fertility
    by jisoohwang@snu.ac.kr (Jisoo Hwang) in Asia Economics Blog on 2024-01-01 09:26:51

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Francesca Barigozzi & Helmuth Cremer & Emmanuel Thibault, 2024. "The motherhood wage and income traps," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 37(4), pages 1-26, December.
  2. Boneva, Teodora & Golin, Marta & Kaufmann, Katja Maria & Rauh, Christopher, 2022. "Beliefs about Maternal Labor Supply," IZA Discussion Papers 15788, IZA Network @ LISER.
  3. Jessen, Jonas & Kinne, Lavinia & Battisti, Michele, 2026. "Child penalties in labour market skills," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
  4. Bhalotra, Sonia & Clarke, Damian, 2022. "Analysis of Twins," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 1428, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
  5. Cai, Huan & Dong, Lu & Xie, Jian, 2025. "The Digital Second Shift: Gender Gap in Parenting App Usage in China," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 765, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
  6. Gloria Moroni & Cheti Nicoletti & Kjell G. Salvanes & Emma Tominey, 2025. "Gender equality through marriage," RFBerlin Discussion Paper Series 25140, ROCKWOOL Foundation Berlin (RFBerlin).
  7. Kesternich, Iris & Vermeulen, Frederic & Wintzéus, Alexander, 2024. "Twenty-Five Hours in a Day: On Job Flexibility and the Intrahousehold Allocation of Time and Money," IZA Discussion Papers 17505, IZA Network @ LISER.
  8. Zhiyang Jia & Thor O. Thoresen & Trine E. Vattø & Thor Olav Thoresen, 2024. "Explaining the Declining Labor Supply Responsiveness of Married Women," CESifo Working Paper Series 11176, CESifo.
  9. Marie Blaise & Sandrine Juin & Hélène Le Forner & Quitterie Roquebert, 2024. "I care, you clean? Gendered effects of informal care on couple housework and leisure time," LISER Working Paper Series 2024-05, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER).
  10. Estefanía Galván & Cecilia García‐Peñalosa, 2025. "Interactions among gender norms: Evidence from US couples," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 72(1), February.
  11. Sua Kang & Wookun Kim & Kanghyock Koh, 2025. "Childbirth, Baby Bonus, and Maternal Mental Health," CESifo Working Paper Series 11986, CESifo.
  12. Bütikofer, Aline & Karadakic, René & Willén, Alexander, 2025. "Parenthood and the gender gap in commuting," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
  13. Luis Guirola & Laura Hospido & Andrea Weber, 2024. "Family and career: an analysis across Europe and North America," Fiscal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 45(2), pages 243-257, June.
  14. Ahammer, Alexander & Glogowsky, Ulrich & Halla, Martin & Hener, Timo, 2023. "The Parenthood Penalty in Mental Health: Evidence from Austria and Denmark," IZA Discussion Papers 16459, IZA Network @ LISER.
  15. Szabó-Morvai, Ágnes & Boza, István, 2025. "Gyermekvállalás és az anyák keresete a 2010-es években [Childbearing and mothers earnings in the 2010s]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(6), pages 566-595.
  16. Dahl, Gordon & Loken, Katrine V., 2024. "Families, public policies, and the labor market," Handbook of Labor Economics,, Elsevier.
  17. Aguilar-Gomez, Sandra & Arceo-Gomez, Eva O. & De la Cruz Toledo, Elia, 2026. "Inside the black box of child penalties: Unpaid work and household structure," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
  18. Sun, Ang & Sun, Wei & Xiang, Wang & Zhang, Huili & Zhang, Junsen, 2026. "Narrowing or widening the gender gap in market and domestic work? The impact of workweek reduction reform in China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
  19. Glogowsky, Ulrich & Hansen, Emanuel & Sachs, Dominik & Lüthen, Holger, 2025. "The evolution of child-related gender inequality in Germany and the role of family policies, 1960–2018," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
  20. Åslund, Olof & Karimi, Arizo & Sundberg, Anton, 2025. "Origin, norms, and the motherhood penalty," Working Paper Series 2025:1, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.
  21. Dominique Meurs & Pierre Pora, 2025. "Traditional Views, Egalitarian Views, and the Child Penalty: Insights from Immigrant Populations in France," Working Papers hal-04947430, HAL.
  22. Kristy Buzard & Laura K Gee & Olga Stoddard, 2025. "Who You Gonna Call? Gender Inequality in External Demands for Parental Involvement," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 140(4), pages 2805-2849.
  23. Gørtz, Mette & Sander, Sarah & Sevilla, Almudena, 2023. "Does the Child Penalty Strike Twice, and If So Why?," IZA Discussion Papers 16557, IZA Network @ LISER.
  24. Battaglia, Emily & Brown, Jessica H., 2025. "The Labor Market Effects of Pregnancy Accommodation Laws," IZA Discussion Papers 17688, IZA Network @ LISER.
  25. Mathias Jensen & Abigail Adams & Barbara Petrongolo, 2024. "Birth Timing and Spacing: Implications for Parental Leave Dynamics and Child Penalties," Economics Series Working Papers 1048, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
  26. Zhao, Chunkai & Wang, Runtao & Chen, Boou & Li, Jingrong, 2025. "Hidden costs of separation: Exploring the effect of left-behind experiences on financial market participation in China," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
  27. Dehos, Fabian T. & Paul, Marie Elina & Schäfer, Wiebke & Süß, Karolin, 2024. "Time of Change: Health Effects of Motherhood," IZA Discussion Papers 16942, IZA Network @ LISER.
  28. Abrahamsson, Sara & Barschkett, Mara & Flatø, Martin, 2025. "Beyond Hot Flashes: The Career Cost of Menopause," IZA Discussion Papers 17789, IZA Network @ LISER.
  29. Meekes, Jordy & van Lent, Max, 2025. "The Impact of Neighbour, Colleague, and Family Peers on Parental Labour Supply," IZA Discussion Papers 18148, IZA Network @ LISER.
  30. Bíró,Anikó & Elek,Péter & Daniel Prinz & Sándor,László, 2024. "Tax Evasion and the Contribution-Benefit Link: The Case of Maternity Benefits," Policy Research Working Paper Series 11003, The World Bank.
  31. Sun, Ang & Xia, Fang & Zhang, Xuan, 2025. "The motherhood penalty on health: Evidence from China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 238(C).
  32. Petter Lundborg & Johan Vikström & Negar Khaliliaraghi, 2026. "Gender Gaps Under Comparable Tasks: Evidence from Quasi-Random Assignment," RFBerlin Discussion Paper Series 26028, ROCKWOOL Foundation Berlin (RFBerlin).
  33. Steiber, Nadia & Lebedinski, Lara & Liedl, Bernd & Winter-Ebmer, Rudolf, 2024. "Educational hypogamy is associated with a smaller child penalty on women’s earnings," IHS Working Paper Series 57, Institute for Advanced Studies.
  34. Alessandra Casarico & Salvatore Lattanzio, 2023. "Behind the child penalty: understanding what contributes to the labour market costs of motherhood," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 36(3), pages 1489-1511, July.
  35. Albanesi, Stefania & Olivetti, Claudia & Petrongolo, Barbara, 2022. "Families, labor markets and policy," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 118038, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  36. Limor Hatsor & Ity Shurtz, 2025. "Breastfeeding and the return to work after childbirth of new mothers: Evidence from a baby formula scare," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(3), pages 943-963, June.
  37. M. V. Lee Badgett & Christopher S. Carpenter & Maxine J. Lee & Dario Sansone, 2025. "A review of the effects of legal access to same‐sex marriage," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(1), pages 266-294, January.
  38. Derek Asuman & Ulf‐G. Gerdtham & Ann I. Alriksson‐Schmidt & Martin Nordin & Johan Jarl, 2025. "The Impact of Child Disability on Parental Outcomes: Evidence From Sweden," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(11), pages 2004-2036, November.
  39. Huebener, Mathias & Odermatt, Reto, 2025. "The Wished-For Children: Do Mothers Carry the Burden While Fathers Reap the Joy?," IZA Discussion Papers 18039, IZA Network @ LISER.
  40. Greta Morando & Lauro Carnicelli, 2026. "Parental Preferences and the Motherhood Penalty," RFBerlin Discussion Paper Series 26101, ROCKWOOL Foundation Berlin (RFBerlin).
  41. Sara Rellstab, 2024. "Gender norms and the child penalty: evidence from the Dutch bible belt," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(45), pages 5428-5441, September.
  42. Ailin He & Laetitia Renee & Nagham Sayour, 2024. "The Impact of After-School Care on Maternal Income: Evidence from Canadian Administrative Data," Working Papers 24-04, Research Group on Human Capital, University of Quebec in Montreal's School of Management.
  43. Weber, Andrea & Hospido, Laura & Guirola, Luis, 2024. "Family and Career: A Multi-Country Analysis," VfS Annual Conference 2024 (Berlin): Upcoming Labor Market Challenges 302357, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
  44. Henrik Kleven & Camille Landais & Gabriel Leite-Mariante, 2023. "The Child Penalty Atlas," NBER Working Papers 31649, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  45. Brosch, Hanna & Grewenig, Elisabeth & Lergetporer, Philipp & Werner, Katharina & Zeidler, Helen, 2026. "Are Gender Norms Shaped by Who Earns More?," IZA Discussion Papers 18661, IZA Network @ LISER.
  46. Filip Pertold & Sofiana Sinani & Michal Soltes, 2023. "Gender Gap in Reported Childcare Preferences among Parents," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp770, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.
  47. Gruber, Jonathan & Kosonen, Tuomas & Huttunen, Kristiina, 2025. "Paying moms to stay home: Short and long run effects on parents and children," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
  48. Gørtz, Mette & Sander, Sarah & Sevilla, Almudena, 2025. "Does the child penalty strike twice?," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
  49. Healy, Olivia & Heissel, Jennifer A., 2024. "Baby Bumps in the Road: The Impact of Parenthood on Job Performance, Human Capital, and Career Advancement," IZA Discussion Papers 16743, IZA Network @ LISER.
  50. Boinet, Césarine & Norris, Jonathan & Romiti, Agnese & Shi, Zhan & Telemo, Paul, 2024. "Beliefs on Children's Human Capital Formation and Mothers at Work," IZA Discussion Papers 17574, IZA Network @ LISER.
  51. Gabriella Conti & Rita Ginja & Petra Persson & Barton Willage, 2024. "The menopause "penalty"," IFS Working Papers W24/05, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
  52. Kleven, Henrik Jacobsen & Olivero, Giulia & Patacchini, Eleonora, 2024. "Child Penalties and Parental Role Models: Classroom Exposure Effects," IZA Discussion Papers 17309, IZA Network @ LISER.
  53. John Eric Humphries & Juanna Schrøter Joensen & Gregory F. Veramendi, 2024. "The Gender Wage Gap: Skills, Sorting, and Returns," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 114, pages 259-264, May.
  54. Coskun, Sena & Dalgic, Husnu C., 2024. "The emergence of procyclical fertility: The role of breadwinner women," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
  55. Alison Andrew & Sarah Cattan & Monica Costa Dias & Christine Farquharson & Lucy Kraftman & Sonya Krutikova & Angus Phimister & Almudena Sevilla, 2022. "The gendered division of paid and domestic work under lockdown," Fiscal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 43(4), pages 325-340, December.
  56. von Essen, Emma & Smith, Nina, 2024. "Do Women on Boards Matter? Network and Spillover Effects on Gender Gaps within Firms," IZA Discussion Papers 17401, IZA Network @ LISER.
  57. Gordon Dahl & Katrine Loken, 2024. "Families, Public Policies, and the Labor Market," RFBerlin Discussion Paper Series 2423, ROCKWOOL Foundation Berlin (RFBerlin).
  58. Henning Hermes & Philipp Lergetporer & Frauke Peter & Fabian Mierisch & Simon Wiederhold, 2023. "Males Should Mail? Gender Discrimination in Access to Childcare," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 113, pages 427-431, May.
  59. Emily Y. Lin & Joel Slemrod & Evelyn Smith & Alexander Yuskavage, 2025. "Who’s on (the 1040) first? Determinants and consequences of spouses’ name order on joint returns," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 32(4), pages 957-994, August.
  60. Carrasco, Raquel & Nuevo-Chiquero, Ana, 2024. "Women's Sexual Orientation and Occupational Tasks: Partners, Prejudice, and Motherhood," IZA Discussion Papers 17318, IZA Network @ LISER.
  61. Olivetti, Claudia & Pan, Jessica & Petrongolo, Barbara, 2024. "The evolution of gender in the labor market," Handbook of Labor Economics,, Elsevier.
  62. Waltl, Judith, 2025. "Labour market barriers beyond the binary gender construct: Cis-normativity in the labour market," IPE Working Papers 255/2025, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Institute for International Political Economy (IPE).
  63. Boneva, Teodora & Brás-Monteiro, Ana & Golin, Marta & Rauh, Christopher, 2024. "Are Men's Preferences for Couple Equity Misperceived? Evidence from Six Countries," IZA Discussion Papers 17493, IZA Network @ LISER.
  64. Jon H Fiva & Max-Emil M King, 2024. "Child Penalties in Politics," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 134(658), pages 648-670.
  65. Sébastien Fontenay & Ilan Tojerow, 2025. "Sickness absences among young mothers and the child penalty in employment," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 625-660, June.
  66. Britto, Diogo & De Holanda, Caio & Ferman, Bruno & Fonseca, Alexandre & Sampaio, Breno & Warwar, Lucas, 2026. "Parenthood and Productivity," IZA Discussion Papers 18658, IZA Network @ LISER.
  67. Zhang, Mingxue & Wang, Yue & Hou, Lingling, 2024. "Gender norms and the child penalty in China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 277-291.
  68. Eunice S. Han, 2024. "How did the COVID‐19 pandemic affect men's and women's returns to unionization?," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 63(2), pages 172-204, April.
  69. Biasi, Paola & De Paola, Maria, 2025. "The role of parental leave policies in mitigating child penalties: insights from Italy," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
  70. Cobb-Clark, Deborah A. & Dang, Tung & Fisher, Hayley, 2025. "Daycare Accessibility and Maternal Labor Market Outcomes: Do Quality Ratings Matter?," IZA Discussion Papers 18300, IZA Network @ LISER.
  71. Pora, Pierre, 2025. "The supply of nursing labor in French hospitals: Outflows, part-time work and motherhood," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
  72. Lidia Farré & Cristina Felfe & Libertad González Luna & Patrick Schneider, 2022. "Changing gender norms across generations: Evidence from a paternity leave reform," Economics Working Papers 1812, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
  73. Oreffice, Sonia & Sansone, Dario, 2023. "Commuting to work and gender norms by sexual orientation," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
  74. Bíró, Anikó & Elek, Péter & Jascisens, Vitalijs & Prinz, Daniel & Sándor, László & Zasova, Anna, 2026. "Tax Evasion and the Contribution-Benefit Link : The Case of Parental Benefits in Hungary and Latvia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 11385, The World Bank.
  75. Kronenberg, Christoph & Gerdtham, Ulf-Göran & Karlsson, Martin, 2025. "Remote Schooling during the Pandemic: A Double Burden for Working Parents in Sweden?," CINCH Working Paper Series (since 2020) 83571, Duisburg-Essen University Library, DuEPublico.
  76. Averkamp, Dorothée, 2024. "The Gender Wage Gap, Labor-Market Experience, and Family Choices: Lessons from East Germany?," VfS Annual Conference 2024 (Berlin): Upcoming Labor Market Challenges 302347, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
  77. Barbara Downs & Lucia Foster & Rachel Nesbit & Danielle H. Sandler, 2023. "Same-Sex and Opposite-Sex Couples and the Child Penalty," Working Papers 23-25, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
  78. Honorata Bogusz, 2024. "Task content of jobs and mothers’ employment transitions in Germany," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 58(1), pages 1-22, December.
  79. Simon Bensnes & Ingrid Huitfeldt & Edwin Leuven, 2023. "Reconciling estimates of the long-term earnings effect of fertility," Discussion Papers 1004, Statistics Norway, Research Department.
  80. Jocelyn Wikle & Riley Wilson, 2026. "Kindergarten and Career Comebacks for Mothers: Is Access to Public School Enough?," CESifo Working Paper Series 12727, CESifo.
  81. Ji, Yuemei & Qi, Weiwen, 2025. "The motherhood penalty in employment: Evidence from UK Asian mothers during the pandemic," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
  82. Gan, Renren & Jongen, Egbert L. W. & Rabaté, Simon & Terpstra, Bo, 2025. "The Evolution of the Child Penalty and Gender-Related Inequality in the Netherlands, 1989–2022," IZA Discussion Papers 18158, IZA Network @ LISER.
  83. Henrik Jacobsen Kleven & Camille Landais & Anne Sophie Lassen & Philip Rosenbaum & Herdis Steingrimsdottir & Jakob Egholt Søgaard, 2026. "Expanding Paternity Leave: Effects on Beliefs, Norms, and Gender Gaps," CESifo Working Paper Series 12614, CESifo.
  84. Mikaela Backman & Christopher S. Carpenter & Erwan Dujeancourt & Samuel Mann, 2025. "Sexual orientation, entrepreneurship, and firm survival," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 64(4), pages 2105-2132, April.
  85. Gould, Eric & Lichtinger, Guy, 2024. "Child Penalties, Child Outcomes, and Family Culture," CEPR Discussion Papers 19722, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
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