IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/r/sae/entthe/v34y2010i4p635-659.html
   My bibliography  Save this item

How Opportunities Develop in Social Entrepreneurship

Citations

Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
as


Cited by:

  1. Félix González, Mónica & Husted, Bryan W. & Aigner, Dennis J., 2017. "Opportunity discovery and creation in social entrepreneurship: An exploratory study in Mexico," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 212-220.
  2. Frank Martin Belz & Julia Katharina Binder, 2017. "Sustainable Entrepreneurship: A Convergent Process Model," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(1), pages 1-17, January.
  3. Ostertag, Felix & Hahn, Rüdiger & Ince, Inan, 2021. "Blended value co-creation: A qualitative investigation of relationship designs of social enterprises," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 428-445.
  4. Vineet Kaushik & Shobha Tewari, 2023. "Modeling Opportunity Indicators Fostering Social Entrepreneurship: A Hybrid Delphi and Best-Worst Approach," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 168(1), pages 667-698, August.
  5. Othmar M. Lehner & Juha Kansikas, 2012. "Opportunity Recognition in Social Entrepreneurship," Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, vol. 21(1), pages 25-58, March.
  6. Drencheva, Andreana & Stephan, Ute & Patterson, Malcolm G. & Topakas, Anna, 2021. "Navigating interpersonal feedback seeking in social venturing: The roles of psychological distance and sensemaking," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 36(4).
  7. Haugh, Helen M., 2021. "The governance of entrepreneurial community ventures: How do conflicting community interests influence opportunity exploitation?," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 16(C).
  8. Deligianni, Ioanna, 2023. "Revisiting the relationship between product and international diversification in new ventures: The moderating effect of effectuation processes," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(1).
  9. Elco van Burg & A. Georges L. Romme, 2014. "Creating the Future Together: Toward a Framework for Research Synthesis in Entrepreneurship," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 38(2), pages 369-397, March.
  10. Tõnis Mets & Jack Holbrook & Siim Läänelaid, 2021. "Entrepreneurship Education Challenges for Green Transformation," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-13, February.
  11. Gupta, Parul & Chauhan, Sumedha & Paul, Justin & Jaiswal, M.P., 2020. "Social entrepreneurship research: A review and future research agenda," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 209-229.
  12. Xiaoti Hu & Susan Marlow & Angelika Zimmermann & Lee Martin & Regina Frank, 2020. "Understanding Opportunities in Social Entrepreneurship: A Critical Realist Abstraction," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 44(5), pages 1032-1056, September.
  13. Gras, David & Conger, Michael & Jenkins, Anna & Gras, Michael, 2020. "Wicked problems, reductive tendency, and the formation of (non-)opportunity beliefs," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 35(3).
  14. Laura H. Middermann & Jan Kratzer & Susanne Perner, 2020. "The Impact of Environmental Risk Exposure on the Determinants of Sustainable Entrepreneurship," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-15, February.
  15. He, Tong & Liu, Martin J & Phang, Chee Wei & Luo, Jun, 2022. "Toward social enterprise sustainability: The role of digital hybridity," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
  16. Alisa Sydow & Benedetto Lorenzo Cannatelli & Alessandro Giudici & Mario Molteni, 2022. "Entrepreneurial Workaround Practices in Severe Institutional Voids: Evidence From Kenya," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 46(2), pages 331-367, March.
  17. Etayankara Muralidharan & Saurav Pathak, 2018. "Sustainability, Transformational Leadership, and Social Entrepreneurship," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-22, February.
  18. Hertel, Christina & Binder, Julia & Fauchart, Emmanuelle, 2021. "Getting more from many—A framework of community resourcefulness in new venture creation," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 36(3).
  19. Sophie Bacq & Kimberly A. Eddleston, 2018. "A Resource-Based View of Social Entrepreneurship: How Stewardship Culture Benefits Scale of Social Impact," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 152(3), pages 589-611, October.
  20. Nuria Toledano, 2011. "Social entrepreneurship: the new narrative for the practice of the social economy," CIRIEC-España, revista de economía pública, social y cooperativa, CIRIEC-España, issue 73, pages 9-31, October.
  21. João J. Ferreira & Cristina I. Fernandes & Marta Peres-Ortiz & Helena Alves, 2017. "Conceptualizing social entrepreneurship: perspectives from the literature," International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, Springer;International Association of Public and Non-Profit Marketing, vol. 14(1), pages 73-93, March.
  22. Charlotte Sophia Diepolder & Holger Weitzel & Johannes Huwer, 2024. "Exploring the Impact of Sustainable Entrepreneurial Role Models on Students’ Opportunity Recognition for Sustainable Development in Sustainable Entrepreneurship Education," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-25, February.
  23. Muñoz, Pablo & Kibler, Ewald, 2016. "Institutional complexity and social entrepreneurship: A fuzzy-set approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1314-1318.
  24. Sahasranamam, Sreevas & Nandakumar, M.K. & Pereira, Vijay & Temouri, Yama, 2021. "Knowledge capital in social and commercial entrepreneurship: Investigating the role of informal institutions," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 27(1).
  25. Pittz, Thomas G. & Adler, Terry R., 2023. "Open strategy as a catalyst for innovation: Evidence from cross-sector social partnerships," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
  26. Vrontis, Demetris & Morea, Donato & Basile, Gianpaolo & Bonacci, Isabella & Mazzitelli, Andrea, 2021. "Consequences of technology and social innovation on traditional business model," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
  27. Matthews, Russell S. & Chalmers, Dominic M. & Fraser, Simon S., 2018. "The intersection of entrepreneurship and selling: An interdisciplinary review, framework, and future research agenda," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 33(6), pages 691-719.
  28. Ioanna Deligianni & Irini Voudouris & Spyros Lioukas, 2017. "Do Effectuation Processes Shape the Relationship between Product Diversification and Performance in New Ventures?," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 41(3), pages 349-377, May.
  29. Sebastian Markus Szambelan & Yi Dragon Jiang, 2020. "Effectual control orientation and innovation performance: clarifying implications in the corporate context," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 54(3), pages 865-882, March.
  30. John Hagedoorn & Helen Haugh & Paul Robson & Kate Sugar, 2023. "Social innovation, goal orientation, and openness: insights from social enterprise hybrids," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 60(1), pages 173-198, January.
  31. Alinaghian, Leila & Razmdoost, Kamran, 2021. "How do social enterprises manage business relationships? A review of the literature and directions for future research," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 488-498.
  32. Chang Soo Sung & Joo Y. Park, 2018. "Sustainability Orientation and Entrepreneurship Orientation: Is There a Tradeoff Relationship between Them?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-14, February.
  33. Alexander McKelvie & Gaylen N. Chandler & Dawn R. DeTienne & Anette Johansson, 2020. "The measurement of effectuation: highlighting research tensions and opportunities for the future," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 54(3), pages 689-720, March.
  34. Fokko J. Eller & Michael M. Gielnik & Hendrik Wimmer & Corinna Thölke & Sara Holzapfel & Silke Tegtmeier & Jantje Halberstadt, 2020. "Identifying business opportunities for sustainable development: Longitudinal and experimental evidence contributing to the field of sustainable entrepreneurship," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(3), pages 1387-1403, March.
  35. Zaremohzzabieh, Zeinab & Ahrari, Seyedali & Krauss, Steven Eric & Samah, Asnarulkhadi Abu & Meng, Lee Kwan & Ariffin, Zaifunizam, 2019. "Predicting social entrepreneurial intention: A meta-analytic path analysis based on the theory of planned behavior," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 264-276.
  36. Kai Hockerts, 2017. "Determinants of Social Entrepreneurial Intentions," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 41(1), pages 105-130, January.
  37. Martin Obschonka & Kai Hakkarainen & Kirsti Lonka & Katariina Salmela-Aro, 2017. "Entrepreneurship as a twenty-first century skill: entrepreneurial alertness and intention in the transition to adulthood," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 48(3), pages 487-501, March.
  38. Carlos Poblete & Felipe Rifo & Joana Huaman, 2021. "The Role of Circular Business Modeling in the Entrepreneurial Identity-Construction Process," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-25, December.
  39. Eduard-Gabriel Ceptureanu & Sebastian-Ion Ceptureanu & Mihai Cristian Orzan & Ovidiu Niculae Bordean & Violeta Radulescu, 2017. "Empirical Study on Sustainable Opportunities Recognition. A Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Joinery Industry Analysis Using Augmented Sustainable Development Process Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-36, September.
  40. Sunio, Varsolo & Laperal, Miguel & Mateo-Babiano, Iderlina, 2020. "Social enterprise as catalyst of transformation in the micro-mobility sector," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 145-157.
  41. Gordon Liu & Teck–Yong Eng & Sachiko Takeda, 2015. "An Investigation of Marketing Capabilities and Social Enterprise Performance in the UK and Japan," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 39(2), pages 267-298, March.
  42. Michael H. Morris & Susana C. Santos & Donald F. Kuratko, 2021. "The great divides in social entrepreneurship and where they lead us," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 57(3), pages 1089-1106, October.
  43. Nadarević, Sabine & Martin, Alexander, 2020. "A comparative study on the institutional determinants of social entrepreneurial activity: The moderating effect of capitalism," Flensburger Hefte zu Unternehmertum und Mittelstand 19, Jackstädt-Zentrum Flensburg.
  44. (Ian) Lee, In Hyeock & Kim, Sung Min & Green, Seth, 2021. "Social enterprises and market performance: The moderating roles of innovativeness, sectoral alignment, and geographic localization," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 491-506.
  45. Devine, Anthony & Jabbar, Abdul & Kimmitt, Jonathan & Apostolidis, Chrysostomos, 2021. "Conceptualising a social business blockchain: The coexistence of social and economic logics," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
  46. Petra Dickel & Monika Sienknecht & Jacob Hörisch, 2021. "The early bird catches the worm: an empirical analysis of imprinting in social entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 91(2), pages 127-150, March.
  47. Noelia Franco-Leal & Rosalia Diaz-Carrion, 2022. "How financing and information drive international corporate entrepreneurs’ innovations," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 20(2), pages 316-343, June.
  48. Wenwen An & Charles-Clemens Rüling & Xin Zheng & Jianqi Zhang, 2020. "Configurations of effectuation, causation, and bricolage: implications for firm growth paths," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 54(3), pages 843-864, March.
  49. Yanto Chandra & Li Crystal Jiang & Cheng-Jun Wang, 2016. "Mining Social Entrepreneurship Strategies Using Topic Modeling," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(3), pages 1-28, March.
  50. Tamsin Foucrier & Arnim Wiek, 2019. "A Process-Oriented Framework of Competencies for Sustainability Entrepreneurship," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-18, December.
  51. Mary Han & Bill McKelvey, 2016. "How to Grow Successful Social Entrepreneurship Firms? Key Ideas from Complexity Theory," Journal of Enterprising Culture (JEC), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 24(03), pages 243-280, September.
  52. Hilka Pelizza Vier Machado & Valter da Silva Faia & Juliano Domingues da Silva, 2016. "Entrepreneurial alertness: Study of the Influence of Individual Characteristics and Entrepreneurship," Brazilian Business Review, Fucape Business School, vol. 13(5), pages 85-107, September.
  53. Philipp Kruse & Eleanor Meda Chipeta & Imke Ueberschär, 2023. "What Keeps Social Entrepreneurs Happy? Exploring Personality, Work Design, External Support, and Social Impact as Resources of Social Entrepreneurs’ Mental Well-Being," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-23, February.
  54. Ruchita Pangriya, 2019. "Hidden aspects of social entrepreneurs’ life: a content analysis," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 9(1), pages 1-19, December.
  55. Adélie Ranville & Marcos Barros, 2022. "Towards Normative Theories of Social Entrepreneurship. A Review of the Top Publications of the Field," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 180(2), pages 407-438, October.
  56. Elena-Simina Lakatos & Bercea Oana Bianca & Laura Bacali, 2016. "The concept of innovation in social economy. A review and a research agenda," Review of Applied Socio-Economic Research, Pro Global Science Association, vol. 11(1), pages 32-50, June.
  57. Monica Nandan & Archana Singh & Gokul Mandayam, 2019. "Social Value Creation and Social Innovation by Human Service Professionals: Evidence from Missouri, USA," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-22, November.
  58. Wendy L. Tate & Lydia Bals, 2018. "Achieving Shared Triple Bottom Line (TBL) Value Creation: Toward a Social Resource-Based View (SRBV) of the Firm," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 152(3), pages 803-826, October.
  59. MD Nazmul Islam & Wilson Ozuem & Gordon Bowen & Michelle Willis & Raye Ng, 2021. "An Empirical Investigation and Conceptual Model of Perceptions, Support, and Barriers to Marketing in Social Enterprises in Bangladesh," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-20, January.
  60. Kathryn Pavlovich & Patricia Corner, 2014. "Conscious Enterprise Emergence: Shared Value Creation Through Expanded Conscious Awareness," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 121(3), pages 341-351, May.
  61. Scazziota, Vanessa & Serra, Fernando & Sarkar, Soumodip & Guerrazzi, Luiz, 2023. "The antecedents of entrepreneurial action: A meta-synthesis on effectuation and bricolage," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 155(PA).
  62. Hans Rawhouser & Michael Cummings & Scott L. Newbert, 2019. "Social Impact Measurement: Current Approaches and Future Directions for Social Entrepreneurship Research," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 43(1), pages 82-115, January.
  63. Tanja Collavo, 2018. "Unpacking Social Entrepreneurship: Exploring the Definition Chaos and Its Consequences in England," Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę "Cognitione", vol. 14(2), pages 49-82.
  64. Fortunato Michael W-P & Alter Theodore R, 2011. "The Individual-Institutional-Opportunity Nexus: An Integrated Framework for Analyzing Entrepreneurship Development," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 1(1), pages 1-36, January.
  65. Parker Jennifer & Corner Patricia Doyle & Woodfield Paul J. & Singh Smita, 2021. "Developing Endogenous Innovations: Corporate Entrepreneurship and Effectuation," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 11(1), pages 1-20, January.
  66. Syrus M Islam, 2022. "Social impact scaling strategies in social enterprises: A systematic review and research agenda," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 47(2), pages 298-321, May.
  67. Sasmita Swain & Sri Krishna Sudheer Patoju, 2022. "Factors Influencing to Choose Social Entrepreneurship as a Career: A Study on Social Entrepreneurship Students from India," Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, vol. 31(1), pages 65-89, March.
  68. Hoogendoorn, B. & van der Zwan, P.W. & Thurik, A.R., 2011. "Social Entrepreneurship and Performance: The Role of Perceived Barriers and Risk," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2011-016-ORG, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
  69. Matthew P. Johnson & Jacob Hörisch, 2022. "Reinforcing or counterproductive behaviors for sustainable entrepreneurship? The influence of causation and effectuation on sustainability orientation," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(3), pages 908-920, March.
  70. Pablo Muñoz & Boyd Cohen, 2018. "Sustainable Entrepreneurship Research: Taking Stock and looking ahead," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(3), pages 300-322, March.
  71. Ana Fernández-Laviada & Carlos López-Gutiérrez & Andrea Pérez, 2020. "How Does the Development of the Social Enterprise Sector Affect Entrepreneurial Behavior? An Empirical Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-15, January.
  72. Barbara Bradač Hojnik & Katja Crnogaj, 2020. "Social Impact, Innovations, and Market Activity of Social Enterprises: Comparison of European Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-15, March.
  73. Pradeep Kumar Hota & Balaji Subramanian & Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy, 2020. "Mapping the Intellectual Structure of Social Entrepreneurship Research: A Citation/Co-citation Analysis," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 166(1), pages 89-114, September.
  74. Marina Candi & Monia Melia & Maria Colurcio, 2019. "Two Birds with One Stone: The Quest for Addressing Both Business Goals and Social Needs with Innovation," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 160(4), pages 1019-1033, December.
  75. Bacq, Sophie & Hertel, Christina & Lumpkin, G.T., 2022. "Communities at the nexus of entrepreneurship and societal impact: A cross-disciplinary literature review," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 37(5).
  76. Thuy Nguyen & Daniel Beimborn, 2022. "A Stakeholder-Specific View on Impact Sourcing—Systematic Literature Review and Recommendations for Future Research," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-22, November.
  77. Carlos Bazan & Hannah Gaultois & Arifusalam Shaikh & Katie Gillespie & Sean Frederick & Ali Amjad & Simon Yap & Chantel Finn & James Rayner & Nafisa Belal, 2020. "A systematic literature review of the influence of the university’s environment and support system on the precursors of social entrepreneurial intention of students," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 9(1), pages 1-28, December.
  78. Saras Sarasvathy & K. Kumar & Jeffrey G. York & Suresh Bhagavatula, 2014. "An Effectual Approach to International Entrepreneurship: Overlaps, Challenges, and Provocative Possibilities," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 38(1), pages 71-93, January.
  79. Yi Jiang & Charles-Clemens Rüling, 2019. "Opening the Black Box of Effectuation Processes: Characteristics and Dominant Types," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 43(1), pages 171-202, January.
  80. Hadad Shahrazad, 2017. "Main research areas and methods in social entrepreneurship," Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, Sciendo, vol. 11(1), pages 893-903, July.
  81. Yáñez-Valdés, Claudia & Guerrero, Maribel & Barros-Celume, Sebastián & Ibáñez, María J., 2023. "Winds of change due to global lockdowns: Refreshing digital social entrepreneurship research paradigm," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
  82. Talić Miljana & Stefanović Suzana, 2022. "Ecosystem of Social Enterprises - A Comparative Review of the Practice of European Countries and the Republic of Serbia," Economic Themes, Sciendo, vol. 60(3), pages 369-385, September.
  83. Alex Nicholls, 2010. "The Legitimacy of Social Entrepreneurship: Reflexive Isomorphism in a Pre–Paradigmatic Field," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 34(4), pages 611-633, July.
  84. Sauermann, Miklas Pascal, 2023. "Social Entrepreneurship as a Tool to Promoting Sustainable Development in Low-Income Communities: An Empirical Analysis," MPRA Paper 116929, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  85. Dutta, Sunasir, 2019. "Seeing Parochially and Acting Locally," OSF Preprints stvd7, Center for Open Science.
  86. Bucher, Silke & Jäger, Urs & Prado, Andrea M., 2016. "Scaling private health care for the base of the pyramid: Expanding versus broadening service offerings in developing nations," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(2), pages 736-750.
  87. Satalkina Liliya & Shpak Nestor, 2018. "Evaluation of the Influence of the Macro-environment on the Social Innovation Activity of Enterprises," Organizacija, Sciendo, vol. 51(1), pages 36-48, February.
  88. Padmaja Argade & Fanny Salignac & Ralf Barkemeyer, 2021. "Opportunity identification for sustainable entrepreneurship: Exploring the interplay of individual and context level factors in India," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(8), pages 3528-3551, December.
  89. Nerine Mary George & Vinit Parida & Tom Lahti & Joakim Wincent, 2016. "A systematic literature review of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition: insights on influencing factors," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 12(2), pages 309-350, June.
  90. Katherine Coronel-Pangol & Doménica Heras & Juan Aguirre Quezada & Pedro Mora & Karina Durán Andrade, 2023. "Social Entrepreneurship: A Bibliometric Analysis of Its Fields of Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-18, September.
  91. Régis Y. Chenavaz & Alexandra Couston & Stéphanie Heichelbech & Isabelle Pignatel & Stanko Dimitrov, 2023. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Entrepreneurial Ventures: A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-30, May.
  92. Kate V. Lewis, 2016. "Identity capital: an exploration in the context of youth social entrepreneurship," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(3-4), pages 191-205, March.
  93. Longinos Marín & Catalina Nicolás & Alicia Rubio, 2019. "How Gender, Age and Education Influence the Entrepreneur’s Social Orientation: The Moderating Effect of Economic Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-16, August.
IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.