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Does mixed-ownership reform improve SOEs' innovation? Evidence from state ownership

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  1. Huang, Hua & Tao, Yunqing & Wang, Xueping & Feng, Chen & Ye, Yongwei, 2023. "Do board reforms in parent firms boost subsidiaries’ innovation?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
  2. Hua Tang, 2022. "The Effect of ESG Performance on Corporate Innovation in China: The Mediating Role of Financial Constraints and Agency Cost," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-21, March.
  3. Chong Wu & Mengyao Yue & Fang Huang & Songqiao Wu, 2024. "Foreign Ownership and State-Owned Enterprises’ Innovation: The Mediating Role of Host Country’s Innovation Level and the Moderating Effect of Government Innovation Subsidies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-16, January.
  4. Wang, Li & Qin, Dongqian & Pan, Lu, 2025. "The impact of accountability for illegal operation and investment on investment efficiency of SOEs: Evidence from China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 731-748.
  5. Qi‐an Chen & Shuxiang Tang & Yuan Xu, 2022. "Do government subsidies and financing constraints play a dominant role in the effect of state ownership on corporate innovation? Evidence from China," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(8), pages 3698-3714, December.
  6. Shi, Yaya & Zhao, Ningru, 2024. "The effect of privatization on corporate innovation: New evidence from China’s ownership-transfer-privatization," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(PB), pages 1198-1211.
  7. Zhang, Zejun & Wang, Zhao & Cai, Lixin, 2025. "Predicting financial fraud in Chinese listed companies: An enterprise portrait and machine learning approach," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
  8. Zhang, Xiaoqian & Lv, Shixian & Lin, Wenlian, 2020. "Related guarantee and implicit tunneling," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
  9. He, Yuqian & Tang, Song & Wang, Lanfang & Wang, Susheng & Yu, Tao, 2024. "Private equity market development, state ownership, and firm innovation: Evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 958-985.
  10. Pan, Xia & Cheng, Wenyin & Gao, Yuning, 2022. "The impact of privatization of state-owned enterprises on innovation in China: A tale of privatization degree," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
  11. Chen Hu & Yanan Li & Penghao Ye, 2023. "The Halo Effect of Government: Does State-Owned Capital Promote the Green Innovation of Chinese Private Enterprises?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-21, May.
  12. Li, Wencong & Yang, Xingquan & Yin, Xingqiang, 2022. "Non-state shareholders entering of state-owned enterprises and equity mispricing: Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
  13. Zhang, Yufei & Liu, Deqiang, 2024. "China's mixed-ownership reform and SOE profitability," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 496-520.
  14. Zebiao Li & Weihao Wang & Xiaohui Xu & Jun Yang, 2025. "Mixed-Ownership Reform and Firm Productivity: New Evidence from Machine Learning," SAGE Open, , vol. 15(3), pages 21582440251, September.
  15. Nie, Cong & Zhang, Xueren & Yang, Yue, 2024. "Anti-corruption campaign and SOEs innovation: The role of the central inspection group in China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
  16. Wang, Liangcheng & Chen, Yizheng & Li, Wendi, 2025. "Facilitator or figurehead? The impact of academician shareholder on corporate innovation: Evidence from China," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
  17. Zhang, Xiaoqian & Wang, Zhiwei, 2020. "Marketization vs. market chase: Insights from implicit government guarantees," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 435-455.
  18. Hui Xia & Shixian Ling & Zhangxin (Frank) Liu, 2023. "Heterogeneous Blockholders and Enterprise Innovation: Evidence From the Mixed-Ownership Reform in China," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, November.
  19. Aimin Qian & Jingyan Li, 2024. "Effect of Appointed Directors on Corporate Carbon Emission Intensity: Evidence from Mixed-Ownership Reform in Chinese Private Industrial Enterprises," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-37, July.
  20. Wenjun Liu & Qian He & June Cao, 2025. "The Accountability System for Material Misstatements and Executive Pay Performance Sensitivity: A Quasi‐natural Experiment," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 61(2), pages 498-553, June.
  21. Wang, Chenxi & Wang, Deli & Deng, Xincai & Wu, Shangrui, 2025. "Does the participation of non-state shareholders matter for state-owned enterprises’ resilience?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
  22. Zhao, Xiaoke & Li, Huirong & Liu, Shengtao, 2025. "The power of credit: can the implementation of a social credit system reduce the risk of corporate debt default?," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 749-763.
  23. Wang, Wei & Wang, Hua & Wu, Ji (George), 2021. "Mixed ownership reform and corporate tax avoidance: Evidence of Chinese listed firms," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
  24. Zhang, Shuang & Wang, Wenzhi & Zhou, Liying, 2024. "Nonstate capital participation and innovation in state-owned enterprises: Scale, structure and quality," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
  25. Zhao, Yueyang & Mao, Jinzhou, 2023. "Mixed blessing: Mixed ownership reform and innovation behaviour of Chinese state-owned enterprises," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
  26. Li, Jie & Guo, Xiaowei & Huang, Bihong & Zhou, Tianhang, 2024. "Political connections and zombie firms: The role of the 2008 stimulus plan in China," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
  27. Li, Chao & Ba, Shusong & Ma, Kejia & Xu, Yueling & Huang, Wenli & Huang, Niyuan, 2023. "ESG Rating Events, Financial Investment Behavior and Corporate Innovation," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 372-387.
  28. Kun Luo & Yuanrui Huang & Yi Lv, 2024. "Non‐state shareholder governance and corporate sustainability: Evidence from environmental, social and governance ratings," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(1), pages 211-226, February.
  29. Licheng Zheng & Delong Luo & Ruiqing Jiang & Xiaoyong Lu, 2025. "The Strategy of Speculative Innovation: the Result of Capital Misallocation and Defective Incentive Policy," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 16(3), pages 12317-12363, September.
  30. Hongyang Zhao & Dongmei Wang & Zhihong Zhang & Xiangrong Hao, 2024. "Does the Classified Reform of Chinese State-Owned Enterprises Alleviate Environmental, Social and Governance Decoupling?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-29, December.
  31. Wu, Ying & Chang, Qi, 2024. "Large state-owned shareholders and cash holding: Evidence from family firms," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
  32. Zhang, Yufei & Ye, Guanhong, 2025. "Judicial independence and corporate ESG performance," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 1789-1818.
  33. Xu, Kefan & Yuan, Peng & Yu, Renjie, 2025. "The effects of mixed ownership reforms on Chinese firms’ emissions," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 191-209.
  34. Liu, Xiaojie & Shen, Jim Huangnan & Deng, Kent, 2022. "Endowment Structure, property rights and reforms of large state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China: Past, present and future," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 675-692.
  35. Tian, Erxia & Zhong, Meihua & Sun, Mengna & Ma, Dong, 2024. "CEO “anomaly” compensation incentives and financial investment: Evidence from the SOEs of China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 359-377.
  36. Li Chen & Xiankun Deng, 2024. "Executive Accountability Pressure and Green Innovation: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-25, December.
  37. Fu, Peilin & Liu, Xuan & Wang, Shuhong, 2026. "Can green finance promote green-biased technological progress?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
  38. Yikai Zhao & Jun Nagayasu, 2023. "Agglomeration and Selection Effects in Privatized-SOEs: The Role of SOE Reforms," DSSR Discussion Papers 137, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University.
  39. Wang, Hua & Wang, Wei & Alhaleh, Shadi Emad Areef, 2021. "Mixed ownership and financial investment: Evidence from Chinese state-owned enterprises," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 159-171.
  40. Zhu, Jialiang & Gu, Jinnan, 2024. "Intensified law enforcement and firm innovation: Evidence from China's antitrust consolidation," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
  41. Liu, Xuexin & Tang, Xiaomeng & Kong, Xiaoxu & Gao, Jijun & Jiang, Lihua, 2026. "The impact of non-state shareholder governance on state-owned enterprises' ESG performance in China," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
  42. Tian, Zengrui & Zhu, Bingsheng & Lu, Yuzhong, 2023. "The governance of non-state shareholders and corporate ESG: Empirical evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
  43. Ping Peng & Xingwang Zhu, 2024. "Mixed-ownership reform and factor misallocation: Evidence from China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(4), pages 1-23, April.
  44. Chen, Zhongfei & Xiao, Yu & Jiang, Kangqi, 2023. "The impact of tax reform on firms' digitalization in China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
  45. Ma, Yanxin & Li, Shimei & Zhou, Liying, 2024. "Why are enterprises willing to assume social responsibility? Answers from the perspective of innovation," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 188-198.
  46. Runsen Yuan & Chunling Li & Xinjie Cao & Nian Li & Nosherwan Khaliq, 2022. "Research on the Influence of Mixed-Ownership Reform on Exploratory Innovation of SOEs: The Mediation Effect of Agency Conflict and Financing Constraint," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(2), pages 21582440221, May.
  47. Tu, Bingqian & Zhou, Zhou & Dang, Jingqi & Qiu, Yitian, 2024. "Information matters: The effectiveness of mixed-ownership reform in mitigating financial constraints," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 1115-1132.
  48. Wu, Xiaoting & Mukherjee, Arijit & Zeng, Chenhang, 2024. "Privatization and innovation in a vertical structure," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
  49. Ren, Xiaoyi & Shao, Huan, 2022. "Non-state shareholder governance and shadow banking business: Evidence from Chinese state-owned manufacturing enterprises," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
  50. Fengzuo Li & Pengjie Na & Salman Mahmood & Xiaolan Wang & Tanveer Ahmed, 2025. "State Ownership and the Sustainable Development of Private Enterprises: Exploring the Role of State Ownership Participation," SAGE Open, , vol. 15(1), pages 21582440251, February.
  51. Yang, Zhenbing & Zhao, Ziyi & Shao, Shuai & Yang, Lili, 2023. "Carbon regulation and enterprise investment: Evidence from China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
  52. Su, Zhi & Zhao, Chen & Li, Ying & Sun, Zhimeng, 2025. "Equity diversification as a catalyst for Artificial Intelligence innovation: Evidence from Chinese state-owned enterprises," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 94(PA).
  53. Liu, Kai & Wang, Jiang & Liu, Liqun & Huang, Yingjun, 2023. "Mixed-ownership reform of SOEs and ESG performance: Evidence from China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1618-1641.
  54. Wang, Wei & Cheng, Sijia & Nahar, Shamsun & Alhaleh, Shadi Emad Areef & Wang, Hua, 2022. "Does mixed-ownership reform restrain stock price synchronicity? Evidence from China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 390-404.
  55. Bai, Min & Pan, Maomao, 2023. "The economic independence of supervisory boards and corporate innovation: Evidence from China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
  56. Bach Nguyen & Hoa Do & Chau Le, 2022. "How much state ownership do hybrid firms need for better performance?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 59(3), pages 845-871, October.
  57. Tian, Zongtao & Chen, Zhibin & Chang, Xinxue, 2024. "Directors appointed by non-state shareholders and stock price synchronicity: Evidence from Chinese SOEs," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
  58. Qiong Zhou & Qian Tan & Huixiang Zeng & Yu-En Lin & Peng Zhu, 2023. "Does Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Promote Corporate Sustainable Development? A Quasi-Natural Experiment of “10-Point Soil Plan” in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-20, March.
  59. Zhang, Yufei & Wang, Li & Wang, Qing, 2026. "Can nationalization improve firm profitability? Empirical evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
  60. Hong Chen & Sujinda Popaitoon & Atthaphon Mumi, 2025. "Investigating corporate entrepreneurship strategy through digital transformation: a dynamic capabilities perspective," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 14(1), pages 1-27, December.
  61. Han, Ziteng & Chen, Lingxi & Zhong, Teng, 2025. "Mixed-ownership reform and AI adoption in state-owned enterprises: A pre-registered report," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
  62. Yan, Lina & Ling, Xuan & Wang, Zhitao & Xu, Yinuo, 2023. "Can mixed-ownership reform boost the digital transformation of state-owned enterprises?," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 647-663.
  63. Yan Han & Cheng Pan & Fengjun Jin, 2023. "Does the Improvement of the Business Environment Improve the Innovation Efficiency of Enterprises? Evidence from the Listed Companies in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-25, July.
  64. Zhang, Yufei & Wang, Li, 2025. "Is mixed-ownership a profitable ownership structure?—Empirical evidence from China," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
  65. Li, Yuan & Yi, Yuyao & Li, Xiaofan & Tao, Yunqing, 2024. "Do error-tolerance and correction mechanisms enhance the performance of state-owned enterprises in China?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PB).
  66. Barbieri, Elisa & Huang, Manli & Pi, Shenglei & Pollio, Chiara & Rubini, Lauretta, 2021. "Investigating the linkages between industrial policies and M&A dynamics: Evidence from China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
  67. Wang, Zhenzhen & Jia, Junting, 2025. "Digital transformation and organizational resilience," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
  68. Gong Zhang & Shi Chen & Hongduo Yan, 2024. "RETRACTED ARTICLE: Balancing Innovation and Efficiency: The Impact of Mixed Ownership Reform on Total Factor Productivity in Monopolized and Competitive Industries," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(4), pages 18952-18986, December.
  69. Qiankun Meng & Yupei Liu & Wei’an Li & Mingshan Yu, 2023. "Bonding or Indulgence? The Role of Overborrowing on Firms’ Innovation: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-23, January.
  70. Wang, Zhibin & Li, Zelei, 2023. "Does minority shareholder activism enhance corporate innovation? Evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
  71. Lin, Yongjia & Fu, Xiaoqing & Fu, Xiaolan, 2021. "Varieties in state capitalism and corporate innovation: Evidence from an emerging economy," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
  72. Jang Ping Thia & Xinyu Kong & Jiaqi Su, 2023. "How Large is the Borrowing Cost Advantage of State-Owned Enterprises?," Review of Development Finance Journal, Chartered Institute of Development Finance, vol. 13(1), pages 92-103.
  73. Xu, Jingchang & Zhang, Huixuan & Wu, Wuqing, 2023. "One novel mixed ownership reform and green innovation in private firms: Evidence from China," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
  74. Yufei Yin & Kexin Cao, 2024. "The impact of mixed-ownership reform on zombie firms: Evidence from Chinese listed SOEs," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(7), pages 1-19, July.
  75. Xiao, Ling & Ge, Chao & Luo, Zhenghan & Zhang, Weidong & Chen, Zihuang, 2024. "How partial nationalizations affect technological innovation in mixed-ownership enterprises: A theoretical explanation based on the effects of heterogeneous shareholder governance and resource acquisition," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
  76. Xuemei Liu & Rong Yang & Dongsheng Li, 2023. "A Study on the Effect of Heterogeneous Equity Mix on the Performance of Mixed Ownership Firms," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 15(7), pages 1-23, July.
  77. Wu, Yeyu & Xie, Sujuan & Xu, Yang, 2025. "Labor outcomes of partial privatization in state-owned enterprises: Evidence on employment and compensation under mixed ownership," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
  78. Ma, Xinxin & Iwasaki, Ichiro, 2026. "Board composition, private sector development, and corporate crime: Evidence from China," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
  79. Yang, Xingquan & Zhang, Kexin & Liao, Guanmin & Gao, Pengfei, 2024. "Administrative monopoly and state-owned enterprise innovation: Evidence from the fair competition review system in China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 95(PB).
  80. Wang, Jinbo & Ran, Maosheng & Huang, Qing & Li, Wanli, 2022. "Nationalization of private enterprises and default risk: Evidence from mixed-ownership reform in China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 534-553.
  81. Zhu, Ruoyu & Xin, Xiaohui & Tan, Kehu, 2024. "Reverse mixed ownership reform: Does state-owned capital injection inhibit corporate leverage manipulation?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
  82. Gao, Di & Fan, Yanmei & Zhou, Jing, 2025. "Managing financial investments in supply chain networks: The roles of network power and control," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
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