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Zur Rolle von Beteiligungskapitalgebern in ihren Portfoliounternehmen: Eine ökonometrische Analyse

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  • Engel, Dirk

Abstract

Der deutsche Markt für Beteiligungskapital ist ein vergleichsweise junger Markt, so dass nur wenig Wissen bezüglich der Qualität der von den VCG geleisteten Managementunterstützung besteht. Ziel der Studie ist es, den Beitrag der VCG zum Wachstum und Überleben ihrer Portfoliounternehmen empirisch zu überprüfen. Datenbasis der Untersuchung ist ein Datensatz zu VC-finanzierten Unternehmen und deren VCG. Die Identifizierung der VC-finanzierten Unternehmen basiert auf einer Suche nach offenen Beteiligungen von VCG an anderen Unternehmen in den ZEW-Gründungspanels. Ein aus wirtschaftspolitischer Sicht interessantes Ergebnis ist, dass Venture Capital (VC)-finanzierte Unternehmen im Durchschnitt ein höheres Wachstum aufweisen als andere Unternehmen mit ähnlichen Charakteristika. Die Analysen belegen aber auch, dass innerhalb der Gruppe VC-finanzierter Unternehmen sehr deutliche Unterschiede im realisierten Wachstum zu beobachten sind. Nicht jedes VC-finanzierte Unternehmen trägt damit gleichermaßen zur Schaffung neuer Arbeitsplätze bei. Die Frage ist, welche Determinanten einen Beitrag zur Erklärung der unterschiedlichen Wachstumsperformance von VC-finanzierten Unternehmen leisten können. Zu solchen Determinanten zählen die Merkmale des Unternehmen, des Unternehmensumfeldes (Marktbedingungen etc.) sowie der Unternehmensbeteiligten. Besonderes Augenmerk wird in der vorliegenden Studie der Rolle von Venture Capital-Gesellschaften (VCG) als Unternehmensbeteiligte beigemessen. Die auf dem deutschen Markt aktiven VCG unterscheiden sich erheblich bezüglich der Merkmale, die für die Durchführung ihrer Aktivitäten der Suche, Auswahl und Betreuung ihrer Portfoliounternehmen von Bedeutung sind. Die Ergebnisse der multivariaten Analyse belegen, dass ein Teil der Performanceunterschiede VC-finanzierter Unternehmen auf bestimmte Merkmale der beteiligten VCG zurückgeführt werden kann. Erfreulich aus Sicht der öffentlichen Hand ist, dass die Unternehmen keine schlechtere Performance aufweisen, an denen eine VCG mit einer öffentlich-rechtlichen Institution als Gesellschafter bzw. Investor engagiert ist. Ein höheres Wachstum erzielen VC-finanzierte Unternehmen, an denen VCG mit einer Spezialisierung auf lokale Aktivitäten beteiligt sind. VCG nehmen häufig eine Syndizierung ihrer Beteiligungsengagements vor, d. h. mindestens zwei verschiedene VCG beteiligen sich an einem jungen Unternehmen. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass solche Beteiligungen sich als erfolgreich im Sinne einer besseren Performance der VC-finanzierten Unternehmen erweisen. Die Zusammenhänge gelten für einen Zeitraum, der von einem rapiden Wachstum mit anschließender und derzeit noch anhaltender Konsolidierung des VC-Marktes geprägt war.

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  • Engel, Dirk, 2002. "Zur Rolle von Beteiligungskapitalgebern in ihren Portfoliounternehmen: Eine ökonometrische Analyse," ZEW Discussion Papers 02-58, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:zewdip:556
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Venture Capital; New Firms; Employment Growth; Survival;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L21 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Business Objectives of the Firm
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • O39 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Other

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