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Veto-Antizipation: Gesetzgebung im deutschen Bikameralismus

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  • Burkhart, Simone
  • Manow, Philip

Abstract

Die politikwissenschaftlichen Bemühungen, das Blockadepotenzial des deutschen Föderalismus in der Gesetzgebungsstatistik nachzuweisen, waren bisher weitgehend erfolglos. So bleibt beispielsweise entgegen der landläufigen Meinung das endgültige Scheitern von Gesetzesentwürfen am Widerstand eines oppositionsdominierten Bundesrats die Ausnahme. In der Literatur ist damit der Einfluss des Bundesrats auf die Gesetzgebung bei gegenläufigen Mehrheiten zwischen Bundestag und Bundesrat weiterhin umstritten. Dieser Beitrag führt ein aus der "Judicial-Review"-Literatur entnommenes Modell gesetzgeberischer Autolimitation in die Debatte ein, das die Auswirkung der Mehrheitsverhältnisse im Bundesrat auf die strategische Interaktion von Regierung und Opposition und damit auf die Politikergebnisse modelliert. Die zentrale These des Autolimitations- oder Selbstbeschränkungsarguments ist, dass sich deutlich gegenläufige Mehrheiten zwischen Bundestag und Bundesrat im Regelfall nicht in einem offenen parteipolitischen Konflikt niederschlagen, sondern zu Kompromissen und zu erheblicher politischer Selbstbeschränkung der Regierung führen. Herrschen jedoch im Bundesrat knappe oder uneindeutige Mehrheitsverhältnisse, spekulieren sowohl die Regierung als auch die Opposition auf die Durchsetzung von weniger kompromissbereiten Positionen sowie auf eine Abstimmungsniederlage des politischen Gegners, so dass wir hier intensiven parteipolitischen Konflikt erwarten. Aus dem Modell ergeben sich eine Reihe von empirischen Implikationen, die mit Hilfe eines detaillierten Datensatzes zur deutschen Gesetzgebungstätigkeit zwischen 1976 und 2002 überprüft werden. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen im Wesentlichen die Autolimitationsthese und unterstreichen damit auch das erhebliche Blockadepotenzial des bundesdeutschen Föderalismus.

Suggested Citation

  • Burkhart, Simone & Manow, Philip, 2006. "Veto-Antizipation: Gesetzgebung im deutschen Bikameralismus," MPIfG Discussion Paper 06/3, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:mpifgd:063
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Georg Vanberg, 1998. "Abstract Judicial Review, Legislative Bargaining, and Policy Compromise," Journal of Theoretical Politics, , vol. 10(3), pages 299-326, July.
    2. Huber, John D., 1996. "The Vote of Confidence in Parliamentary Democracies," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 90(2), pages 269-282, June.
    3. Ganghof, Steffen & Manow, Philip, 2005. "Mechanismen der Politik: Strategische Interaktion im deutschen Regierungssystem," Schriften aus dem Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung Köln, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, volume 54, number 54.
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    Cited by:

    1. Corinna Ahlfeld, 2010. "Reputation Sells -Compensation Payments in the Political Sphere," Departmental Discussion Papers 145, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics.
    2. Burkhart, Simone & Manow, Philip, 2006. "Was bringt die Föderalismusreform? Wahrscheinliche Effekte der geänderten Zustimmungspflicht," MPIfG Working Paper 06/6, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.

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