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Phasing out palm and soy oil biodiesel in the EU: What is the benefit?

Author

Listed:
  • Heimann, Tobias
  • Argueyrolles, Robin
  • Reinhardt, Manuel
  • Schuenemann, Franziska
  • Söder, Mareike
  • Delzeit, Ruth

Abstract

The Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) by the European Union (EU) provides an updated framework for the use of renewable energy in the EU transport sector until 2030, and bans the use of biofuels with a high risk of causing indirect land‐use change in high carbon stock areas (high ILUC‐risk criteria). The only biofuel feedstock affected by this criterion is palm oil. We employ the computable general equilibrium (CGE) model DART‐BIO for a scenario‐based policy analysis and evaluate a phase‐out of palm oil‐based biodiesel, and an additional phase‐out of soy oil‐based biodiesel in the EU. Our results show that the palm phase‐out has only a relatively small impact on global palm fruit production and total crop land use in tropical and subtropical regions, while the soy phase‐out leads to a comparable stronger decrease in global soy production, and a reduction in total cropland use in soy‐producing regions. Both policies lead to increased oilseed production in the EU. Therefore, farmer in Malaysia and Indonesia face a significantly reduced income. While European farmers profit the most, EU firms and households are confronted with higher expenditures. Finally, this study indicates that unilateral demand‐side regulations for a single good in a single sector is not sufficient for effective environmental protection. Enhanced binding sustainability criteria and certification schemes for the use of all vegetable oils in every sector and industry as well as improved protection schemes for sensible forest areas are necessary.

Suggested Citation

  • Heimann, Tobias & Argueyrolles, Robin & Reinhardt, Manuel & Schuenemann, Franziska & Söder, Mareike & Delzeit, Ruth, 2024. "Phasing out palm and soy oil biodiesel in the EU: What is the benefit?," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 281955, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:281955
    DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.13115
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Delzeit, Ruth & Klepper, Gernot & Zabel, Florian & Mauser, Wolfram, 2018. "Global economic–biophysical assessment of midterm scenarios for agricultural markets—biofuel policies, dietary patterns, cropland expansion, and productivity growth," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 226014, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    2. Martin Banse & Hans van Meijl & Andrzej Tabeau & Geert Woltjer, 2008. "Will EU biofuel policies affect global agricultural markets?," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 35(2), pages 117-141, June.
    3. Klepper, Gernot & Peterson, Sonja, 2006. "Marginal abatement cost curves in general equilibrium: The influence of world energy prices," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 1-23, January.
    4. Ruth Delzeit & Malte Winkler & Mareike Söder, 2018. "Land Use Change under Biofuel Policies and a Tax on Meat and Dairy Products: Considering Complexity in Agricultural Production Chains Matters," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-25, February.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Biofuels; Computable General Equilibrium (CGE); Land Use; Palm Oil; Renewable Energy Directive (RED II); Soy Oil;
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