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Erzeugt der Europäische Verbraucherschutz Marktversagen? Eine informationsökonomische und empirische Analyse

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  • Kirstein, Roland
  • Schäfer, Hans-Bernd

Abstract

Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Auswirkung der durch die EU-Verbraucherschutzrichtlinie und die Schuldrechtsreform ausgeweiteten gesetzlichen Gewährleistung theoretisch (anhand eines Signaling-Modells) und empirisch (anhand von Felddaten). Die Signalfunktion vertraglicher Garantiezusagen soll einem Marktversagen durch adverse Selektion in ?Lemons?-Märkten entgegenwirken. Daher steht zu befürchten, daß die Ausdehnung der gesetzlichen Gewährleistung diese Signalfunktion empfindlich stört, so daß wieder Marktversagen eintritt. Die Analyse zeigt jedoch, daß ein Lemons-Effekt aus drei Gründen nicht zu erwarten sein dürfte. Zum einen kann selbst unter ausgedehnter gesetzlicher Gewährleistung noch hohe Qualität signalisiert werden. Zweitens kann eine gesetzliche Mindestgewährleistung sogar klar effizienzfördernd sein, wenn die Konsumenten heterogen sind. Schließlich zeigen die empirischen Daten, daß unterschiedliche Qualitäten auf unterschiedlichen Vertriebswegen gehandelt werden. Der Vertriebsweg kann daher als Signal wirken: Gute Qualitäten werden über Händler mit Gewährleistungen vertrieben, schlechtere Qualitäten direkt von Privat an Privat verkauft. Die Ausdehnung der Gewährleistung fördert also nicht Marktzusammenbruch, sondern spaltet den Markt für solche Gebrauchtwagen, die bisher nur über Händler vertrieben wurden, auf. Wenn gesetzliche Gewährleistung also ein ökonomisches Problem verursacht, dann besteht dies eher in den erhöhten Transaktionskosten, die beim privaten Direktverkauf anfallen. Außerdem kann eine ?kontraintentionale? Gesetzesfolge eintreten, wenn die durchschnittliche Ausstattung der Konsumenten mit Gewährleistung sinkt anstatt zuzunehmen.

Suggested Citation

  • Kirstein, Roland & Schäfer, Hans-Bernd, 2006. "Erzeugt der Europäische Verbraucherschutz Marktversagen? Eine informationsökonomische und empirische Analyse," CSLE Discussion Paper Series 2006-07, Saarland University, CSLE - Center for the Study of Law and Economics.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:csledp:200607
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Russell Cooper & Thomas W. Ross, 1985. "Product Warranties and Double Moral Hazard," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 16(1), pages 103-113, Spring.
    2. Michael Spence, 1977. "Consumer Misperceptions, Product Failure and Producer Liability," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 44(3), pages 561-572.
    3. Thomas Eger, "undated". "Einige ökonomische Aspekte der Europäischen Verbrauchsgüterkauf - Richtlinie und ihrer Umsetzung in deutsches Recht," German Working Papers in Law and Economics 2002-1-1032, Berkeley Electronic Press.
    4. Michael Spence, 1973. "Job Market Signaling," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 87(3), pages 355-374.
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    Cited by:

    1. Roland Kirstein & Annette Kirstein, "undated". "Europäischer Verbraucherschutz – Ausdruck grenzenloser Regulierungswut oder sinnvoller Schutz für Käufer? Erkenntnisse aus einem Laborexperiment," German Working Papers in Law and Economics 2006-1-1160, Berkeley Electronic Press.
    2. Hans-Bernd Schäfer & Alexander J. Wulf, 2022. "Premature repayment of fixed interest mortgage loans without compensation, a case of misguided consumer protection in the EU," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 53(2), pages 175-208, April.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    consumer protection; exports; mandatory warranty;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • K12 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - Contract Law
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations

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