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Risks and macroeconomic impacts of HIV/AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa : why waiting to intervene can be costly

Author

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  • Robalino, David A.
  • Jenkins, Carol
  • El Maroufi, Karim

Abstract

The authors develop a model of optimal growth to assess the risks of an HIV/AIDS epidemic and the expected economic impact in nine countries in the Middle East and North Africa region-Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia, and Yemen. The model incorporates an HIV/AIDS diffusion component based on two transmission factors-sexual intercourse and exchange of infected needles among intravenous drug users. Given high levels of uncertainty on the model parameters that determine the dynamics of the epidemic and its economic impact, the authors explore large regions of the parameter space. The prevalence rates in year 2015 would be below 1 percent in 16 percent of the cases, while they would be above 3 percent in 50 percent of the cases. On average, GDP losses across countries for 2000-2025 could approximate 35 percent of today's GDP. In all countries it is possible to observe scenarios where losses surpass today's GDP. The authors quantify the impact of expanding condom use and access to clean needles for intravenous drug users. They show that these interventions act as an insurance policy that increases social welfare. They also show that delaying action for five years can cost, on average, the equivalent of six percentage points of today's GDP.

Suggested Citation

  • Robalino, David A. & Jenkins, Carol & El Maroufi, Karim, 2002. "Risks and macroeconomic impacts of HIV/AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa : why waiting to intervene can be costly," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2874, The World Bank.
  • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:2874
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Jamsheed Shorish, 2007. "Welfare analysis of HIV/AIDS: Formulating and computing a continuous time overlapping generations policy model," Economics Discussion Paper Series 0709, Economics, The University of Manchester.
    2. Anzhelika Podymova & Irina Baskakova & Marina Balandina, 2018. "Evaluation of Social and Economic Losses from Premature Mortality caused by HIV Infection," Economy of region, Centre for Economic Security, Institute of Economics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, vol. 1(4), pages 1341-1355.
    3. Beegle, Kathleen, 2005. "Labor Effects of Adult Mortality in Tanzanian Households," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 53(3), pages 655-683, April.
    4. Simone Peart Boyce & Andrés A. Berruti & Helen Connolly & Miriam Schneidman, 2015. "Evaluating the Economic and Health Impacts of Investing in Laboratories in East Africa: Development and Application of a Conceptual Framework," Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper Series 97386, The World Bank.
    5. repec:pra:mprapa:10841 is not listed on IDEAS

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