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Strangers on the move. Ethnic entrepreneurs as urban change actors

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  • Kourtit, K.
  • Nijkamp, P.

Abstract

This paper aims to examine the critical success and failure factors for the new generation of ethnic (or migrant) entrepreneurs in high-tech and creative industries in Dutch cities. The present study investigates their entrepreneurial behaviour with a particular focus on their personal and business characteristics as well as their motivations and driving forces, which all determine their entrepreneurship and their business performance. An empirical application is presented, in which the results from an in-depth interview study on second-generation Moroccan entrepreneurs are discussed. The findings of our study show that, in general, these entrepreneurs are more open and are looking for new opportunities beyond the traditional markets by using modern break-out strategies. This research helps to map out key factors that influence their entrepreneurial behaviour and activity, business entry decisions, and creative business strategies. It also identifies conditions for success and other factors that impact on the performance of ethnic entrepreneurs in the Netherlands, within the broader context of entrepreneurship. These findings are informative for various stakeholders such as other ethnic entrepreneurs, policy makers and business investors in this dynamic and promising urban business environment.
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  • Kourtit, K. & Nijkamp, P., 2011. "Strangers on the move. Ethnic entrepreneurs as urban change actors," Serie Research Memoranda 0004, VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Econometrics.
    • Handle: RePEc:vua:wpaper:2011-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sam Youl Lee & Richard Florida & Zoltan J. Acs, 2008. "Creativity and Entrepreneurship: A Regional Analysis of New Firm Formation," Chapters, in: Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy, chapter 13, pages 171-182, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    2. Enrico Santarelli & Marco Vivarelli, 2007. "Entrepreneurship and the process of firms’ entry, survival and growth," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 16(3), pages 455-488, June.
    3. Bates, Timothy, 2011. "Minority Entrepreneurship," Foundations and Trends(R) in Entrepreneurship, now publishers, vol. 7(3–4), pages 151-311, October.
    4. Enno Masurel & Peter Nijkamp, 2004. "Differences between First-Generation and Second-Generation Ethnic Start-ups: Implications for a New Support Policy," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 22(5), pages 721-737, October.
    5. Agterberg, M. & Hooff, B. van den & Huysman, M., 2008. "Keeping the wheels turning : multi-level dynamics in organizing networks of practice," Serie Research Memoranda 0003, VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Econometrics.
    6. Agterberg, M. & Huysman, M. & Hooff, B. van den, 2008. "Leadership in online knowledge networks : challenges and coping strategies in a network of practice," Serie Research Memoranda 0004, VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Econometrics.
    7. Cooper, Arnold C. & Artz, Kendall W., 1995. "Determinants of satisfaction for entrepreneurs," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 10(6), pages 439-457, November.
    8. Hadewijch van Delft & Cees Gorter & Peter Nijkamp, 2000. "In Search of Ethnic Entrepreneurship Opportunities in the City: A Comparative Policy Study," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 18(4), pages 429-451, August.
    9. Neil Brenner, 2000. "The Urban Question: Reflections on Henri Lefebvre, Urban Theory and the Politics of scale," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(2), pages 361-378, June.
    10. Peter Nijkamp, 2008. "Xxq Factors For Sustainable Urban Development: A Systems Economics View," Romanian Journal of Regional Science, Romanian Regional Science Association, vol. 2(1), pages 1-19, June.
    11. Enno Masurel & Peter Nijkamp & Gabriella Vindigni, 2004. "Breeding places for ethnic entrepreneurs: a comparative marketing approach," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(1), pages 77-86, January.
    12. Schiller, Bradley R & Crewson, Philip E, 1997. "Entrepreneurial Origins: A Longitudinal Inquiry," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 35(3), pages 523-531, July.
    13. Verhagen. T. & Feldberg, F. & Hooff, B. van den, 2008. "Explaining user adoption of virtual worlds: towards a multipurpose Explaining user adoption of virtual worlds: towards a multipurpose motivational model," Serie Research Memoranda 0006, VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Econometrics.
    14. Jamie Peck, 2005. "Struggling with the Creative Class," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(4), pages 740-770, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Peter Nijkamp & Masood Gheasi & Piet Rietveld, 2011. "Migrants and International Economic Linkages: A Meta-Overview," Spatial Economic Analysis, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(4), pages 359-376, July.
    2. Karima Kourtit & Peter Nijkamp & Daniel Arribas- Bel, 2013. "The creative urban diaspora economy: a disparity analysis among migrant entrepreneurs," Chapters, in: Peter Karl Kresl & Jaime Sobrino (ed.), Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Urban Economies, chapter 19, pages 472-496, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    3. Carson Duan & Bernice Kotey & Kamaljeet Sandhu, 2022. "Towards an Analytical Framework of Dual Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Research Agenda for Transnational Immigrant Entrepreneurship," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 473-497, June.
    4. Daniel Arribas-Bel & Karima Kourtit & Peter Nijkamp, 2016. "The sociocultural sources of urban buzz," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 34(1), pages 188-204, February.
    5. Kourtit Karima & Nijkamp Peter & Suzuki Soushi, 2016. "New Urban Economic Agents: A Comparative Analysis of High-Performance New Entrepreneurs," Quaestiones Geographicae, Sciendo, vol. 35(4), pages 5-22, December.
    6. Daniel Arribas-Bel & Karima Kourtit & Peter Nijkamp, 2013. "Socio-cultural Diversity and Urban Buzz," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 13-110/VIII, Tinbergen Institute.
    7. Sinkovics, Noemi & Reuber, A. Rebecca, 2021. "Beyond disciplinary silos: A systematic analysis of the migrant entrepreneurship literature," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 56(4).
    8. Peter Karl Kresl & Jaime Sobrino (ed.), 2013. "Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Urban Economies," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 14478.

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