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Economías de escala y de alcance de las instituciones de asistencia médica colectiva en Uruguay

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  • Patricia Triunfo

    (Departmento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República)

Abstract

Se realiza la estimación de una función de costos translogarítmica con datos panel para las 41 instituciones de asistencia médica colectiva que operaron en Uruguay durante el período 1985-1993. Las instituciones monopólicas (únicas en le departamento donde actúan) son las que presentaron mayor sensibilidad de los factores productivos a las variaciones de los precios, por lo que ante un aumento en los mismos aumentarían el gasto pero en una menor proporción que las no monopólicas. Salvo para las instituciones monopólicas, es posible afirmar que las participaciones de los insumos en el costo dependen del nivel de producción. Las estimaciones de las economías de escala globales para el producto agregado permiten afirmar que, en general, las instituciones operan con ndimientos crecientes a escala, lo cual aportaría evidencia a favor de la existencia de IAMC de gran tamaño, ya que éstas operarían con menores costos medios que las instituciones pequeñas. En cuanto a la reducción de costos en el período analizado, se encuentra para la institución promedio una reducción entre un 20- 23% según la definición de productos e insumos utilizada. Las instituciones no monopólicas presentaron un mayor avance tecnológico que las monopólicas, y las mutualistas más que las cooperativas. Destaca el grupo formado por FEMI y el CASMU (también las del interior) como las que tuvieron un mayor incremento de la productividad total de los factores (PTF) en el período analizado. Respecto al cambio técnico, se encuentra que el aumento de la escala de producción redujo los costos y que hay un avance tecnológico asociado al ahorro o uso de insumos. Por otra parte, el sesgo más persistente es el ahorrador de medicamentos y utilizador de capital -salvo para las mutualistas-. Respecto al personal médico, en general aparecen como neutrales en su uso, salvo las cooperativas y las instituciones no monopólicas que son utilizadoras del mismo. A su vez, en éstas IAMC se encontró cambio tecnológico asociado con el ahorro o uso de insumos en proporciones constantes. Las estimaciones para tres productos (consultas en medicina -medicina y pediatría-, consultas quirúrgicas -cirugía y ginecología-, número total de egresos -de internación simple, cuidados intermedios e intensivos-) permiten afirmar que producir conjuntamente no es más barato que producir en forma separada. Por lo tanto, no habría evidencia de ventajas para la existencia de una institución universal en la prestación de los servicios. Solamente se encontró complementariedad, aproximadamente al 90% de confianza, entre las consultas en medicina y los egresos hospitalarios para el promedio de las IAMC, y aproximadamente a un 80% en las no monopólicas. Por lo tanto, habría ventajas para la existencia de una institución grande pero no universal que prestara todo tipo de servicio de salud.

Suggested Citation

  • Patricia Triunfo, 2001. "Economías de escala y de alcance de las instituciones de asistencia médica colectiva en Uruguay," Documentos de Trabajo (working papers) 1201, Department of Economics - dECON.
  • Handle: RePEc:ude:wpaper:1201
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    File URL: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/1942
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. John C. Panzar & Robert D. Willig, 1977. "Economies of Scale in Multi-Output Production," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 91(3), pages 481-493.
    2. Labadie, Gastón J. & Ramos Martínez, Alejandro & Sánchez, Delia, 1994. "Instituciones de asistencia médica colectiva en el Uruguay: regulación y desempeño," Políticas Sociales 6231, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    3. Gaston J. Labadie, 1997. "Regulación y desempeño comparado de dos subsistemas privados de salud en el Uruguay," Research Department Publications 3006, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    4. Panzar, John C & Willig, Robert D, 1981. "Economies of Scope," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 71(2), pages 268-272, May.
    5. Pulley, Lawrence B & Braunstein, Yale M, 1992. "A Composite Cost Function for Multiproduct Firms with an Application to Economies of Scope in Banking," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 74(2), pages 221-230, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Máximo Rossi & Patricia Triunfo, 2004. "Gastar en Cuidados Médicos: ¿Es un Lujo para los Montevideanos?," Documentos de Trabajo (working papers) 0604, Department of Economics - dECON.

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