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Incidence fiscale des retraites par répartition: Une exploration analytique

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  • Vincent Touze

    (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques)

Abstract

Les systèmes de retraite par répartition jouent un rôle fondamental dans nos sociétés dès lors qu’ils contribuent à une plus juste allocation des ressources entre les générations et à une meilleure diversification des risques pour l’épargne réalisée en vue de la retraite. Cependant, le vieillissement démographique fragilise fortement les comptes des régimes de retraite, ce qui conduit à s’interroger sur les différentes voies possibles de réformes. Parmi les outils développés pour aborder la question du financement des retraites dans un contexte d’équilibre macroéconomique, les modèles à générations imbriquées constituent une approche particulièrement attractive. Cette littérature a connu un essor considérable tant sur le plan purement théorique que dans le cadre de versions calibrées sur des économies réelles et intégrant une structure démographique et sociale relativement réaliste. La prise en compte d’une offre de travail endogène permet d’aborder un aspect très particulier des retraites qui est celui de l’incidence fiscale. Dans la mesure où le mode de financement des retraites peut s’assimiler à une forme de fiscalisation des revenus du travail, il est alors intéressant de comprendre quel pourrait être son impact sur la formation de l’équilibre économique. Cet article étudie cette question particulière et tente de comprendre comment les logiques de financement et d’attribution des pensions modifient l’équilibre macroéconomique dans ses aspects transitoires et de long terme. Pour ce faire, nous développons une forme réduite d’un modèle à générations imbriquées avec offre de travail endogène dans une économie avec capital productif. L’analyse de l’incidence fiscale n’est pas numérique mais analytique, ce qui permet d’aborder les propriétés théoriques du modèle avec offre de travail et l’incidence d’une façon plus transparente que dans le cadre de simulations numériques.

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  • Vincent Touze, 2009. "Incidence fiscale des retraites par répartition: Une exploration analytique," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/eu4vqp9ompq, Sciences Po.
  • Handle: RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/eu4vqp9ompqllr09hai241102
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Retraite; Fiscalité des revenus du travail; Modèle à générations imbriquées;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D91 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making
    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies

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