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L’expérimentation du revenu de solidarité active entre objectifs scientifiques et politiques

Author

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  • Guillaume Allegre

    (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques)

Abstract

L’expérimentation du revenu de solidarité active conduite dans 34 départements volontaires sur une période allant de novembre 2007 à juin 2009 est sans doute la plus importante expérimentation sociale menée à ce jour en France. L’expérimentation du RSA consiste à évaluer l’effet de plus fortes incitations à l’emploi pour les bénéficiaires du RMI et de l’API en utilisant des groupes tests qui ont accès à un RSA expérimental et des groupes témoins qui n’y ont pas accès. Nous montrons dans une première partie que l’expérimentation d’incitations financières à l’emploi est sujette à de nombreuses difficultés méthodologiques. En particulier, nous montrons qu’il est difficile d’isoler le groupe test pour prévenir la diffusion du traitement expérimental à des personnes non traitées et dans le même temps de construire des groupes expérimentaux permettant un contrôle sans biais. Dans une seconde partie, nous montrons que le protocole mis en place pour l’expérimentation du RSA n’a pas réussi à contourner entièrement ces difficultés. La durée de l’expérimentation n’a pas permis de comparer le caractère pérenne du dispositif par rapport aux dispositifs transitoires en place dans les territoires de contrôle, les biais liés aux effets de mobilisation ont été négligés. De plus, l’éligibilité restreinte au RSA expérimental par rapport au dispositif généralisé n’a pas permis d’évaluer les effets potentiellement négatifs de la familialisation du RSA sur l’incitation à l’emploi des conjoints. Les effets d’éviction sur les travailleurs pauvres non éligibles n’ont pas été mesurés. Enfin, le contexte économique particulièrement défavorable est peu propice aux généralisations. En conclusion, nous émettons l’hypothèse que l’échec relatif de l’expérimentation s’explique par les objectifs en partie contradictoires poursuivis par les acteurs scientifiques et politiques qui l’ont mise en place.

Suggested Citation

  • Guillaume Allegre, 2010. "L’expérimentation du revenu de solidarité active entre objectifs scientifiques et politiques," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/5l6uh8ogmqi, Sciences Po.
  • Handle: RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/5l6uh8ogmqildh09h86ao8i8i
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Guillaume Allègre, 2010. "L'expérimentation du revenu de solidarité active entre objectifs scientifiques et politiques," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(2), pages 59-90.
    2. Guillaume Allegre, 2008. "L'expérimentation sociale des incitations financières à l'emploi : questions méthodologiques et leçons des expériences nord-américaines," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-00973042, HAL.
    3. Gary Burtless & Larry L. Orr, 1986. "Are Classical Experiments Needed for Manpower Policy," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 21(4), pages 606-639.
    4. Pierre Cahuc, 2002. "A quoi sert la prime pour l'emploi ?," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 16(3), pages 3-61.
    5. Burtless, Gary & Greenberg, David, 1982. "Inferences Concerning Labor Supply Behavior Based on Limited-Duration Experiments," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 72(3), pages 488-497, June.
    6. David Card & Philip K. Robins, 1996. "Do Financial Incentives Encourage Welfare Recipients to Work? Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation of the Self-Sufficiency Project," NBER Working Papers 5701, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/5l6uh8ogmqildh09h86b02c82 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/6148 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. David Card & Philip K. Robins, 1996. "Do Financial Incentives Encourage Welfare Recipients to Work? Early Findings from the Canadian Self Sufficiency Project," Working Papers 738, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section..
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    Cited by:

    1. Guillaume Allègre, 2010. "L'expérimentation du revenu de solidarité active entre objectifs scientifiques et politiques," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(2), pages 59-90.
    2. Guillaume Allègre, 2011. "Le RSA : redistribution vers les travailleurs pauvres et offre de travail," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(3), pages 33-61.
    3. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/eu4vqp9ompqllr09hi4cg4tpj is not listed on IDEAS
    4. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/5l6uh8ogmqildh09h86ao8i8i is not listed on IDEAS
    5. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/5l6uh8ogmqildh09h86b02c82 is not listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Expérimentation; RSA; Minima sociaux; Incitations à l’emploi; Travailleurs pauvres;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J08 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General - - - Labor Economics Policies
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • C93 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments - - - Field Experiments

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