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'Bonos’: Lecciones de las transferencias monetarias no condicionadas durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Perú

Author

Listed:
  • Pedro Francke

    (Departamento de Economía de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú)

  • Josue Benites G.

    (Departamento de Economía de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú)

Abstract

La pandemia de Covid-19 fue particularmente severa en Perú, y junto con las medidas de cuarentena, produjo un choque muy grande en las economías de los hogares. Las transferencias monetarias no condicionadas, conocidas popularmente en Perú como ´bonos´, fueron la principal respuesta de protección social del gobierno, con grandes implicaciones para la evolución de la pandemia, la economía y la pobreza. Estas transferencias se dieron en un contexto en el que se necesitaba una respuesta rápida y masiva al shock sanitario, social y económico de la pandemia, partiendo de una red de seguridad social bastante limitada a pesar del buen desempeño macroeconómico y macrofiscal del Perú. Nuestro análisis muestra que estas transferencias incondicionales supusieron un cambio significativo en la política de protección social, pero tardaron mucho tiempo en realizarse y su cuantía fue demasiado baja, lo que limitó su impacto. Las principales lecciones son que: i) la baja densidad de la red de protección social peruana dificultó una respuesta adecuada a la emergencia sanitaria y social, ii) la definición de estrategias de focalización vs. universalización en protección social debe basarse en objetivos más amplios que la mera reducción de la pobreza, incluir los objetivos de salud y gobernabilidad democrática, y debe situarse en el contexto amplio del impacto de las diversas políticas de gasto público e ingresos en toda la distribución del ingreso, iii) una vez definida la orientación hacia políticas más universalistas, fue posible avanzar rápidamente, en ausencia de restricciones fiscales significativas y aprovechando las capacidades existentes de diversos organismos públicos y de la red del sistema financiero. JEL Classification-JE: I30, I38, H53

Suggested Citation

  • Pedro Francke & Josue Benites G., 2024. "'Bonos’: Lecciones de las transferencias monetarias no condicionadas durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Perú," Documentos de Trabajo / Working Papers 2024-534, Departamento de Economía - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
    • Handle: RePEc:pcp:pucwps:wp00534
    DOI: 10.18800/2079-8474.0534
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • I30 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General
    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
    • H53 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs

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