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Relaciones e Influencias de la Industria Farmacéutica sobre la Práctica Médica

Author

Listed:
  • Stacciarini, João Henrique Santana

    (Federal University of Goiás)

Abstract

Con una facturación anual de alrededor de US$ 1,5 billones, la industria farmacéutica se ha consolidado en las últimas décadas como uno de los sectores más poderosos de la economía global, ejerciendo una influencia significativa sobre la producción de conocimiento y el ejercicio de la medicina. Este artículo analiza críticamente las relaciones entre la industria farmacéutica y la formación y la práctica médicas, con foco en las transferencias de valor – como pagos, obsequios e incentivos financieros – dirigidas a médicos e instituciones académicas, desde la graduación hasta el desempeño profesional. La investigación combina un análisis documental descriptivo de datos del programa Open Payments, en los Estados Unidos – donde dichas transferencias están reguladas y se declaran públicamente –, con una revisión narrativa de la literatura internacional. En el recorte empírico, se observa que, entre 2015 y 2024, las entidades reportantes en Open Payments (incluidos los fabricantes de medicamentos y dispositivos médicos) transfirieron aproximadamente US$ 23,2 mil millones a médicos y US$ 23,3 mil millones a hospitales universitarios, exclusivamente en los Estados Unidos, principalmente en forma de comidas, viajes, apoyo educativo, consultorías, investigación y otras remuneraciones. A la luz de la literatura internacional, estas transferencias se examinan como parte de estrategias de aproximación e influencia sobre los prescriptores: estudios observacionales indican asociaciones – a menudo inconscientes – entre la recepción de beneficios y una mayor prescripción de productos de las empresas pagadoras, una mayor participación de medicamentos de marca en detrimento de los genéricos, la promoción de productos con beneficio clínico marginal y el incremento de costos en los sistemas de salud. Movilizando marcos teóricos y conceptos de la psicología social, la economía conductual y la teoría de la comunicación – como la reciprocidad, el sesgo de autoservicio, la influencia inconsciente y el third-person effect –, se discute cómo incluso beneficios de bajo valor, como las comidas, pueden actuar como mecanismos de socialización y arraigarse en el “currículo oculto” de la formación médica, normalizando conflictos de interés y moldeando identidades profesionales. Por último, se sostiene la necesidad de transformar la lógica de relacionamiento entre la industria y el campo médico, mediante mayor transparencia, restricción de obsequios y fortalecimiento de modelos institucionales de financiamiento y gobernanza alineados con la salud pública.

Suggested Citation

  • Stacciarini, João Henrique Santana, 2025. "Relaciones e Influencias de la Industria Farmacéutica sobre la Práctica Médica," SocArXiv pk7vx_v1, Center for Open Science.
  • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:pk7vx_v1
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/pk7vx_v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stacciarini, João Henrique Santana, 2026. "Cómo la Industria Farmacéutica se acerca e influye en los Médicos," SocArXiv j8q3a_v1, Center for Open Science.

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