IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/osf/osfxxx/eb9gj.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Reunion of International Couples in Formal and Informal Relationships during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Lee, Youngcho
  • Wiegand, Pilar
  • Odasso, Laura
  • Wels, Jacques

Abstract

The COVID-19 epidemic has generated major social disruptions, including the implementation of border enforcement measures in many countries to contain international travel. As tourism has been the most frequent means for international couples to reunite, a minority of countries have implemented specific measures to allow foreign partners to cross the borders. The purpose of this article is to provide a global overview of the regulations of cross-border travel for couples respectively in formal and informal relationships. This research is based on data on travel guidelines from 175 countries and a typology that distinguishes countries that have not implemented travel restrictions (46%), countries that have enacted border enforcement regulations but with special measures to allow formal and informal couples (15%), countries with border enforcement and special measures for formal couples only (15%) and countries that have implemented a travel ban with no special measures (23%). Results show that the specific measures for formal and informal couples are implemented independently from the region but with much higher propensities in high-income countries. However, the administrative requirements, particularly for informal couples, vary greatly among the countries that allow couples to reunite. The article concludes that exemptions are key when analysing border closures and that specific measures could be applied more inclusively to allow informal couples to reunite.

Suggested Citation

  • Lee, Youngcho & Wiegand, Pilar & Odasso, Laura & Wels, Jacques, 2021. "Reunion of International Couples in Formal and Informal Relationships during the COVID-19 Pandemic," OSF Preprints eb9gj, Center for Open Science.
  • Handle: RePEc:osf:osfxxx:eb9gj
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/eb9gj
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://osf.io/download/6165969bc5565802244bb6f7/
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.31219/osf.io/eb9gj?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wels, Jacques, 2021. "Addressing the Impact of Border Enforcement Measures on the Self-Reported Health of Migrants Aiming to Enter Japan During the COVID-19 Epidemic," OSF Preprints egq9p, Center for Open Science.
    2. Noel B. Salazar, 2021. "Existential vs. essential mobilities: insights from before, during and after a crisis," Mobilities, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(1), pages 20-34, January.
    3. Nina Haug & Lukas Geyrhofer & Alessandro Londei & Elma Dervic & Amélie Desvars-Larrive & Vittorio Loreto & Beate Pinior & Stefan Thurner & Peter Klimek, 2020. "Ranking the effectiveness of worldwide COVID-19 government interventions," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 4(12), pages 1303-1312, December.
    4. Kenwick, Michael R. & Simmons, Beth A., 2020. "Pandemic Response as Border Politics," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 74(S1), pages 36-58, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tomasz Jałowiec & Henryk Wojtaszek, 2021. "Analysis of the RES Potential in Accordance with the Energy Policy of the European Union," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-33, September.
    2. Davide Tosi & Alessandro Siro Campi, 2021. "How Schools Affected the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Data Analysis for Lombardy Region, Campania Region, and Emilia Region," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-12, April.
    3. Marco Biagetti & Valentina Ferri, 2022. "Covid-19: the effects of the Italian red zones on mortality," RIEDS - Rivista Italiana di Economia, Demografia e Statistica - The Italian Journal of Economic, Demographic and Statistical Studies, SIEDS Societa' Italiana di Economia Demografia e Statistica, vol. 76(3), pages 17-28, July-Sept.
    4. Lennox, Janet & Reuge, Nicolas & Benavides, Francisco, 2021. "UNICEF’s lessons learned from the education response to the COVID-19 crisis and reflections on the implications for education policy," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    5. Matthew Spiegel & Heather Tookes, 2021. "Business Restrictions and COVID-19 Fatalities [The immediate effect of COVID-19 policies on social distancing behavior in the United States]," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 34(11), pages 5266-5308.
    6. Battisti, Michele & Maggio, Giuseppe, 2023. "Will the last be the first? School closures and educational outcomes," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    7. Biswas, Debajyoti & Alfandari, Laurent, 2022. "Designing an optimal sequence of non‐pharmaceutical interventions for controlling COVID-19," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 303(3), pages 1372-1391.
    8. Jain, Radhika & Dupas, Pascaline, 2021. "The effects of India’s COVID-19 lockdown on critical non-COVID health care and outcomes: evidence from a retrospective cohort analysis of dialysis patients," MPRA Paper 110213, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 12 Jan 2021.
    9. Phu Nguyen Van & Thierry Blayac & Dimitri Dubois & Sebastien Duchene & Marc Willinger & Bruno Ventelou, 2021. "Designing acceptable anti-COVID-19 policies by taking into account individuals’ preferences: evidence from a Discrete Choice Experiment," EconomiX Working Papers 2021-33, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
    10. Sprengholz, Philipp & Siegers, Regina & Goldhahn, Laura & Eitze, Sarah & Betsch, Cornelia, 2021. "Good night: Experimental evidence that nighttime curfews may fuel disease dynamics by increasing contact density," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    11. Briscese, Guglielmo & Lacetera, Nicola & Macis, Mario & Tonin, Mirco, 2023. "Expectations, reference points, and compliance with COVID-19 social distancing measures," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    12. Cassetti, Gabriele & Boitier, Baptiste & Elia, Alessia & Le Mouël, Pierre & Gargiulo, Maurizio & Zagamé, Paul & Nikas, Alexandros & Koasidis, Konstantinos & Doukas, Haris & Chiodi, Alessandro, 2023. "The interplay among COVID-19 economic recovery, behavioural changes, and the European Green Deal: An energy-economic modelling perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PC).
    13. Delis, Manthos D. & Iosifidi, Maria & Tasiou, Menelaos, 2021. "Efficiency of government policy during the COVID-19 pandemic," MPRA Paper 107046, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Lopez-Medoza, Hector & González-Álvarez, Maria A. & Montañés, Antonio, 2023. "Assessing the effectiveness of international government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic," MPRA Paper 117826, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Salvatore F. Pileggi, 2022. "Holistic Resilience Index: measuring the expected country resilience to pandemic," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 56(6), pages 4107-4127, December.
    16. Hao Huang, 2022. "Food Environment Inequalities and Moderating Effects of Obesity on Their Relationships with COVID-19 in Chicago," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-17, May.
    17. Blayac, Thierry & Dubois, Dimitri & Duchêne, Sébastien & Nguyen-Van, Phu & Ventelou, Bruno & Willinger, Marc, 2022. "What drives the acceptability of restrictive health policies: An experimental assessment of individual preferences for anti-COVID 19 strategies," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    18. William Clyde & Andreas Kakolyris & Georgios Koimisis, 2021. "A Study of the Effectiveness of Governmental Strategies for Managing Mortality from COVID-19," Eastern Economic Journal, Palgrave Macmillan;Eastern Economic Association, vol. 47(4), pages 487-505, October.
    19. Fischer Kai, 2022. "Thinning out spectators: Did football matches contribute to the second COVID-19 wave in Germany?," German Economic Review, De Gruyter, vol. 23(4), pages 595-640, December.
    20. Qi Guo & Palizhati Muhetaer & Ping Hu, 2023. "Cultural worldviews and support for governmental management of COVID-19," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-16, December.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:osf:osfxxx:eb9gj. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: OSF (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://osf.io/preprints/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.