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Horses for Courses: Measuring Foreign Supply Chain Exposure

Author

Listed:
  • Richard Baldwin
  • Rebecca Freeman
  • Angelos Theodorakopoulos

Abstract

Perceptions of global supply chains (GSCs) have shifted in recent years from a positive to a more cautious view. Standard GSC measures have mostly not adapted to this change as they focus on participation in, rather than exposure to, foreign supply chains. This paper presents the tools necessary to track foreign GSC exposure, and introduces a systematic shocks approach to GSC indicator design. We use this to develop indicators that gauge the impact of a variety of foreign shocks. We argue that different indicators are appropriate to different questions and show that they can provide qualitatively different answers to the same foreign exposure question.

Suggested Citation

  • Richard Baldwin & Rebecca Freeman & Angelos Theodorakopoulos, 2022. "Horses for Courses: Measuring Foreign Supply Chain Exposure," NBER Working Papers 30525, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30525
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kim, Dongin & Steinbach, Sandro & Zurita, Carlos, 2024. "Deep trade agreements and agri-food global value chain integration," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    2. Andrea Coveri & Raffaele Giammetti & Antonello Zanfei, 2025. "How fragile are European GVCs? The role of functional diversification and implications for industrial policy," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 52(3), pages 629-666, September.
    3. Fahr, Stephan & Senner, Richard & Vismara, Andrea, 2024. "The globalization of climate change: amplification of climate-related physical risks through input-output linkages," Working Paper Series 2942, European Central Bank.
    4. Robinson, Sherman & Thierfelder, Karen, 2024. "US international trade policy: Scenarios of protectionism and trade wars," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 46(4), pages 723-739.
    5. Cheng, Huixian & Cai, Hailong & Wang, Xiuqing, 2025. "What is the magnitude of risk exposure in China’s bioeconomic supply chains?," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    6. Richard Baldwin & Rebecca Freeman & Angelos Theodorakopoulos, 2023. "Hidden Exposure: Measuring US Supply Chain Reliance," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 54(2 (Fall)), pages 79-167.
    7. Klaus Weyerstraß & Martin Ertl & Daniel Schmidtner & Adrian Wende & Hannes Zenz, 2025. "Die Einbettung des österreichischen Außenhandels in die globale Arbeitsteilung," FIW Research Reports series 04, FIW.
    8. Li, Xixi & Liu, Hongman & Wang, Zhuang & Chen, Hongsong, 2025. "Import diversification, market risk co-movement and Agri-food supply chain resilience," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    9. Dumont, Michel & Michel, Bernhard & Rayp, Glenn, 2024. "Belgium's import and export dependence on non-EU countries," MPRA Paper 125112, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Onogwu, Daniel & Olushola, Adalumo, 2025. "International Sanctions, Trade Integration, and Macroeconomic Indicators: Sectoral Evidence from Russia," MPRA Paper 127130, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Klaus Weyerstraß & Martin Ertl & Daniel Schmidtner & Adrian Wende & Hannes Zenz, 2025. "Die Einbettung des österreichischen Außenhandels in die globale Arbeitsteilung," FIW Research Reports series y:2025:m:11, FIW.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D57 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - Input-Output Tables and Analysis
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • F60 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - General
    • R15 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Econometric and Input-Output Models; Other Methods

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