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The Lives of Intersex People: Socio-Economic and Health Disparities in Mexico

Author

Listed:
  • Muñoz, Ercio A.

    (Inter-American Development Bank)

  • Saavedra, Melanie

    (Universidad de Chile)

  • Sansone, Dario

    (University of Exeter)

Abstract

This paper reports socio-economic and health outcomes for intersex people in Mexico using data collected between 2021 and 2022. This is the first study relying on a large nationally representative survey including information on sex variations to document substantial negative outcomes for intersex individuals. Around 1.6% of individuals aged 15-64 are intersex. There are significant disparities in mental, physical, and sexual health when comparing intersex individuals to the general population, including higher rates of bullying, stigmatization, harassment, and violence throughout the life cycle, as well as higher rates of suicidal intention. Additionally, intersex individuals have lower education levels and face substantial barriers in the workplace and healthcare environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Muñoz, Ercio A. & Saavedra, Melanie & Sansone, Dario, 2024. "The Lives of Intersex People: Socio-Economic and Health Disparities in Mexico," IZA Discussion Papers 17067, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17067
    as

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    File URL: https://docs.iza.org/dp17067.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nettuno, Laura, 2024. "Gender identity, labor market outcomes, and socioeconomic status: Evidence from Chile," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
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    3. Kevin Lang & Ariella Kahn-Lang Spitzer, 2020. "Race Discrimination: An Economic Perspective," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 34(2), pages 68-89, Spring.
    4. Tampellini, João, 2024. "Latin American pride: Labor market outcomes of sexual minorities in Brazil," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    5. Doyle, Mary-Alice & Schurer, Stefanie & Silburn, Sven, 2022. "Unintended consequences of welfare reform: Evidence from birthweight of Aboriginal children in Australia," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    intersex; stigma; suicide; Mexico; LGBTQ+;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I14 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Inequality
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing

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