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How Does Gender Quota Shape Gender Attitudes?

Author

Listed:
  • Chen, Yen-Chien

    (National Chi Nan University)

  • Fan, Elliott

    (National Taiwan University)

  • Ho, Yu-Hsin

    (National Taiwan University)

  • Lee, Matthew Yi-Hsiu

    (National Taiwan University)

  • Liu, Jin-Tan

    (National Taiwan University)

Abstract

Starting in 2002, each electoral district in Taiwan is required to reserve one seat for women out of every four seats at the local councils, creating a 'zigzag' function of female councilors proportion across districts. Using this function, we estimate the effects of exposure to female political leadership on gender attitudes and behaviors. For son preference, we find that the gender quota reduced the propensity for parents with two daughters to give a third-parity birth, whereas there is no such effect on parents with two children of other sex compositions. This finding is confirmed by the evidence of self-reported son preference revealed in survey data. We further find that the gender quota encouraged female high school graduates to attempt college admission and pursue a college major in law or political science, which commonly prepare students to develop a career in politics. The gender quota also empowers married women to play a more active role in multiple household decisions. Our findings support the hypothesis that female political leaders perform as role models who elicit more egalitarian gender attitudes from women.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Yen-Chien & Fan, Elliott & Ho, Yu-Hsin & Lee, Matthew Yi-Hsiu & Liu, Jin-Tan, 2023. "How Does Gender Quota Shape Gender Attitudes?," IZA Discussion Papers 16331, IZA Network @ LISER.
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16331
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • I23 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Higher Education; Research Institutions
    • D10 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - General

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