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Les économistes et "La cité des femmes": le débat théorique sur l'accès des femmes au marché du travail (1850-1914)

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  • Nathalie Le Bouteillec
  • Loïc Charles

    (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Après une mise au point sur le contexte législatif et institutionnel du débat sur la législation du travail féminin, l'article montre que les positions politiques très diverses des économistes dans ce débat s'insèrent dans des discours théoriques. Un premier discours que nous qualifions de "moral" représente l'activité économique de la femme comme "naturellement" différente de celle de l'homme et relevant uniquement de la sphère familiale, c'est-à-dire d'un registre social indépendant des relations marchandes. D'autres auteurs pensent que la femme doit être considé-rée comme un agent économique comparable (ce qui ne veut pas dire nécessairement égal) à l'homo œconomicus masculin. Puis, l'influence de Darwin à la fin du XIXe siècle entraîne une "naturalisation" de la division sexuelle des tâches. De fait, Marshall nous présente deux agents économiques différenciés du fait de leurs caractéristiques physiologiques. Ces différences dans la "nature" des deux sexes se traduisent désormais en termes économiques.

Suggested Citation

  • Nathalie Le Bouteillec & Loïc Charles, 2007. "Les économistes et "La cité des femmes": le débat théorique sur l'accès des femmes au marché du travail (1850-1914)," Working Papers hal-04139239, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-04139239
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-04139239
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    1. Philippe Fontaine, 2000. "Making use of the past: theorists and historians on the economics of altruism," The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(3), pages 407-422.
    2. Theodore C. Bergstrom, 1996. "Economics in a Family Way," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 34(4), pages 1903-1934, December.
    3. Theodore C. Bergstrom, 1996. "Economics in a Family Way," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 34(4), pages 1903-1934, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Virginie Gouverneur, 2021. "Family and Women in Alfred Marshall’s Analysis of Progress and Well-being," Working Papers of BETA 2021-03, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
    2. Virginie Gouverneur, 2021. "Family and Women in Alfred Marshall’s Analysis of Progress and Well-being," Working Papers 02-21, Association Française de Cliométrie (AFC).

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