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Petit manuel de stratégies de sortie de crise

Author

Listed:
  • Christophe Blot

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Jérôme Creel

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Christine Rifflart

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Danielle Schweisguth

Abstract

La crise amorcée en 2007 à partir d'un segment du marché hypothécaire américain s'est propagée à l'ensemble des marchés financiers, entraînant un risque systémique majeur du système financier international aux conséquences graves sur l'économie réelle. De financière, la crise s'est transformée en crise de l'économie réelle. Et de liquidité, la crise est devenue crise de solvabilité, nécessitant désormais un fort engagement des secteurs publics nationaux.En revenant sur les grandes crises financières qui ont marqué le 20e siècle, cet article établit une chronologie de ces crises à partir de plusieurs critères (contexte historique, déséquilibres économiques et financiers à la veille de la crise, facteurs déclencheurs de crise, stratégies de sortie) afin d'en tirer des recommandations sur les remèdes à mettre en œuvre pour mieux en sortir.La crise amorcée en 2007 à partir d'un segment du marché hypothécaire américain s'est propagée à l'ensemble des marchés financiers, entraînant un risque systémique majeur du système financier international aux conséquences graves sur l'économie réelle. De financière, la crise s'est transformée en crise de l'économie réelle. Et de liquidité, la crise est devenue crise de solvabilité, nécessitant désormais un fort engagement des secteurs publics nationaux.En revenant sur les grandes crises financières qui ont marqué le 20e siècle, cet article établit une chronologie de ces crises à partir de plusieurs critères (contexte historique, déséquilibres économiques et financiers à la veille de la crise, facteurs déclencheurs de crise, stratégies de sortie) afin d'en tirer des recommandations sur les remèdes à mettre en œuvre pour mieux en sortir.La crise de 1929 et la crise japonaise sont les références les plus fréquemment citées, l'une pour la violence du choc et la Grande Dépression qui a suivi l'autre pour sa sortie en déflation sur fonds d'absence de reprise durable. La crise des caisses d'épargne aux États-Unis pendant les années 1980 et des pays scandinaves au tournant des années 1990 sont également étudiées.De ces crises et des stratégies de sortie mises en oeuvre, plusieurs recommandations apparaissent :■ donner la priorité à la stabilisation financière afin de retrouver un fonctionnement normal des marchés. Dans le cas d'une crise grave, l'ajustement par le marché est un leurre dont les conséquences ne font qu'aggraver la perte de confiance des agents, et donc le risque de faillites bancaires. Les pouvoirs publics doivent organiser les plans de sauvetage via la recapitalisation ou le cantonnement de créances douteuses dans des bad banks ;■ mettre en place des politiques économiques destinées à faire face aux conséquences réelles de la crise : baisse des taux d'intérêt et mesures budgétaires temporaires et ciblées dans le cas d'une crise conjoncturelle, permanentes et larges dans le cas d'une crise structurelle ;■ enfin, dans tous les cas, frapper vite et fort.Il n'existe pas de stratégie optimale de sortie de crise. La complexité de l'engagement des pouvoirs réside dans l'arbitrage entre, d'un côté, le risque imminent d'une crise systémique du système financier et, de l'autre, les coûts futurs liés à l'aléa moral et à la soutenabilité des finances publiques. Mais l'urgence devrait l'emporter.

Suggested Citation

  • Christophe Blot & Jérôme Creel & Christine Rifflart & Danielle Schweisguth, 2009. "Petit manuel de stratégies de sortie de crise," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-01023657, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:spmain:hal-01023657
    DOI: 10.3917/reof.110.0335
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01023657v2
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    1. Céline Antonin & Christophe Blot & Amel Falah & Sabine Le Bayon & Hervé Péléraux & Christine Rifflart & Xavier Timbeau & Catherine Mathieu & Mathieu Plane, 2014. "Le piège de la déflation," Post-Print hal-01093020, HAL.
    2. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/3rkj9m8cf38o9o48pft8q9gd65 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/3rkj9m8cf38o9o48pft8q9gd65 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Stuart Holland & Andrew Black, 2018. "Cherchez la Firme: Redressing the Missing – Meso – Middle in Mainstream Economics," Economic Thought, World Economics Association, vol. 7(2), pages 15-53, November.

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