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Les Paradoxes De L’Équité Territoriale

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  • Michel Casteigts

    (CREG - Centre de recherche et d'études en gestion - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour)

Abstract

Un territoire étant un espace socialisé, c'est à dire structuré par des pratiques sociales sédimentées au cours de l'histoire, l'équité territoriale peut être définie comme un principe d'organisation spatiale des activités sociales tel qu'en tout point du (ou des) territoire(s) considéré(s) les individus et les groupes sociaux bénéficieraient d'un accès équivalent aux avantages de la vie collective et partageraient de façon équivalente les inconvénients corrélatifs. Cette définition circonscrit la notion sans en clarifier réellement les enjeux et, notamment, elle ne lève pas une ambiguïté fondamentale : l'équité territoriale est-elle une projection spatiale de la justice sociale et de l'égalité des droits ou une traduction sociale de l'homogénéité de l'organisation des espaces et de l'égalité de leur statut ? C'est parce que le principe d'égalité ne peut se traduire par une stricte identité des niveaux et des conditions de vie que la problématique de l'équité est régulièrement mobilisée. Elle implique que l'on puisse qualifier les inégalités d'un point de vue éthique, en les caractérisant éventuellement comme des violations des principes de justice. Après avoir analysé la genèse et les implications du concept d'équité territoriale, notamment dans ses relations avec l'idée de justice, il s'agit ici de montrer que son ambiguïté constitutive se décline dans une série de couples de tensions inhérents à la notion d'équité comme à celle de territoire. Ces tensions sont particulièrement marquées dans des lieux singuliers (frontières, zones à faible densité, métropoles) où s'exacerbent les paradoxes de l'équité territoriale.

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  • Michel Casteigts, 2013. "Les Paradoxes De L’Équité Territoriale," Post-Print halshs-01529778, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01529778
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-01529778v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bertrand Zuindeau, 2005. "Équité territoriale : quelles lectures par les théories du développement durable ?," Post-Print halshs-00200658, HAL.
    2. Bertrand Zuindeau, 2005. "Équité territoriale : quelles lectures par les théories du développement durable ?," Reflets et perspectives de la vie économique, De Boeck Université, vol. 0(4), pages 5-18.
    3. Sen, Amartya, 1973. "On Economic Inequality," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198281931, Decembrie.
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