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The colonial legacy of education: Evidence from Tunisia

Author

Listed:
  • Mhamed Ben Salah

    (South Mediterranean University, Mediterranean School of Business)

  • Cédric Chambru

    (ENS de Lyon - École normale supérieure de Lyon - Université de Lyon, CERGIC - Center for Economic Research on Governance, Inequality and Conflict - ENS de Lyon - École normale supérieure de Lyon - Université de Lyon)

  • Maleke Fourati

    (South Mediterranean University, Mediterranean School of Business)

Abstract

This paper uses spatial variations in the enrolment rate of Tunisian pupils in 1931 to estimate the weight of colonial history on medium- and long-run educational attainment. We assemble a new dataset on the location of public primary schools and the number of pupils and teachers, together with population data for 1931. We match these data with information on education at the district level, derived from two population censuses conducted in 1984 and 2014. We find that a one per cent increase in the enrolment rate in 1931 is associated with a 2.37 percentage points increase in the literacy rate in 1984, and a 1.89 percentage points increase in 2014. We further investigate the exposure to colonial public primary education across different age cohorts. We find that our results are mainly driven by older generations, and tend to fade for younger cohorts. While we provide qualitative evidence that a cultural transmission of education may have contributed to this persistence, we also argue that the continuous effort and investment made by Tunisian governments to achieve universal primary enrolment best explain the decline in spatial disparities in educational attainment.

Suggested Citation

  • Mhamed Ben Salah & Cédric Chambru & Maleke Fourati, 2024. "The colonial legacy of education: Evidence from Tunisia," Post-Print hal-05004027, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05004027
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.09.002
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-05004027v1
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