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Options attractives et ségrégation entre classes : quels effets de la suppression des sections bilangues et européennes à la rentrée 2016 ?

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  • Youssef Souidi

    (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, LEDa - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Présentation La mise en place de cours optionnels, tels que les sections bilangues ou européennes, a-t-elle des conséquences sur la ségrégation sociale qui prévaut entre les classes d'un même établissement scolaire ? La question se pose alors que l'implantation d'options dans certains collèges défavorisés constitue l'un des leviers mobilisés par le ministère de l'Éducation nationale en cette rentrée pour rendre ces établissements plus attractifs auprès des familles socialement favorisées et ainsi renforcer la mixité sociale. Afin de donner des éléments de réponse, cette note évalue l'impact de la suppression des sections bilangues et des sections européennes à la rentrée 2016 sur le niveau de ségrégation entre les classes des collèges concernés par cette réforme. Résultats clés En France, le niveau de ségrégation sociale entre les classes de sixième d'un même collège dépasse de 29 % la valeur qui serait observée si les élèves étaient répartis de manière aléatoire entre les classes. À la rentrée 2016, la suppression des sections bilangues a entraîné une diminution de 53 % (classes de sixième) de ce surplus de ségrégation dans les établissements concernés par cette réforme. La suppression des sections européennes a entraîné une diminution de 33 % (classes de quatrième) du surplus de ségrégation. Dans une grande partie des établissements proposant des sections bilangues et européennes, les écarts de composition sociale entre classes sont du même ordre que ceux observés dans les collèges qui ne proposent pas ces sections. Cela suggère qu'il est possible de proposer des cours optionnels attractifs tout en limitant la ségrégation intra-établissement.

Suggested Citation

  • Youssef Souidi, 2023. "Options attractives et ségrégation entre classes : quels effets de la suppression des sections bilangues et européennes à la rentrée 2016 ?," Institut des Politiques Publiques halshs-04439102, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:ipppap:halshs-04439102
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-04439102
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    1. Raj Chetty & Matthew O. Jackson & Theresa Kuchler & Johannes Stroebel & Nathaniel Hendren & Robert B. Fluegge & Sara Gong & Federico Gonzalez & Armelle Grondin & Matthew Jacob & Drew Johnston & Martin, 2022. "Social capital I: measurement and associations with economic mobility," Nature, Nature, vol. 608(7921), pages 108-121, August.
    2. Raj Chetty & Matthew O. Jackson & Theresa Kuchler & Johannes Stroebel & Nathaniel Hendren & Robert B. Fluegge & Sara Gong & Federico Gonzalez & Armelle Grondin & Matthew Jacob & Drew Johnston & Martin, 2022. "Social capital II: determinants of economic connectedness," Nature, Nature, vol. 608(7921), pages 122-134, August.
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