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Estimated Tariff Equivalents of Services NTMs

Author

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  • Lionel Fontagné

    (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique)

  • Cristina E Mitaritonna

    (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique)

  • José E Signoret

    (USITC - U.S. International Trade Commission)

Abstract

Quantifying the restrictiveness of NTMs for services has proven to be difficult. The main limitation has been the lack of comprehensive data, whether trade, policy, or microeconomic data. A first solution is to use a STRI approach whereby qualitative information is arbitrarily transformed into a quantitative measure of the restrictiveness of each measure. We use here a reduced form of the gravity approach to estimate services trade without relying on STRI information. Our results compare with those of Fontagné, Guillin, and Mitaritonna (2011) for the year 2004. We use the same method, for a larger set of countries. The tariff equivalents are inferred by comparing the inward multilateral resistance term for each country with that of a benchmark country. We provide ad valorem equivalents of restrictions on trade in services for 117 countries in 2011 using GTAP data of trade in services.

Suggested Citation

  • Lionel Fontagné & Cristina E Mitaritonna & José E Signoret, 2016. "Estimated Tariff Equivalents of Services NTMs," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-01476543, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-01476543
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-01476543v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fontagné, Lionel & Mitaritonna, Cristina, 2013. "Assessing barriers to trade in the distribution and telecom sectors in emerging countries," World Trade Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 12(1), pages 57-78, January.
    2. Nora Dihel & Ben Shepherd, 2007. "Modal Estimates of Services Barriers," OECD Trade Policy Papers 51, OECD Publishing.
    3. Erik Marel & Ben Shepherd, 2013. "Services Trade, Regulation and Regional Integration: Evidence from Sectoral Data," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(11), pages 1393-1405, November.
    4. James E. Anderson & Eric van Wincoop, 2003. "Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 93(1), pages 170-192, March.
    5. repec:hal:pseose:hal-00975560 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Fontagné, Lionel & Guillin, Amélie & Mitaritonna, Cristina, 2010. "Estimations of Tariff Equivalents for the Services Sectors," Conference papers 331941, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    7. Julien Gooris & Cristina Mitaritonna, 2015. "Which import restrictions matter for trade in services ?," Working Papers 2015-33, CEPII research center.
    8. Joseph Francois & Koen Berden & Saara Tamminen & Martin Thelle & Paul Wymenga, 2013. "Non-Tariff Measures in EU-US Trade and Investment: An Economic Analysis," IIDE Discussion Papers 20090806, Institue for International and Development Economics.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Raza, Werner G. & Tröster, Bernhard & von Arnim, Rudi, 2018. "ASSESS_TISA: Assessing the claimed benefits of the Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA) [TISA: Ökonomische Bewertung der prognostizierten Effekte des Abkommens über den Handel mit Dienstleistungen]," Research Reports 6/2018, Austrian Foundation for Development Research (ÖFSE).
    2. Antoine Bouët & Leysa Maty Sall & Yu Zheng, 2024. "Trump 2.0 Tariffs: What Cost for the World Economy?," CEPII Policy Brief 2024-49, CEPII research center.
    3. Benz, Sebastian & Jaax, Alexander, 2022. "The costs of regulatory barriers to trade in services: New estimates of ad valorem tariff equivalents," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
    4. Bellora, Cecilia & Fontagné, Lionel, 2023. "EU in search of a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    5. Cecilia Bellora & Lionel Fontagné, 2019. "Shooting Oneself in the Foot? Trade War and Global Value Chains," Working Papers 2019-18, CEPII research center.
    6. Mary E. Burfisher & Frederic Lambert & Mr. Troy D Matheson, 2019. "NAFTA to USMCA: What is Gained?," IMF Working Papers 2019/073, International Monetary Fund.
    7. Antoine Berthou & Sophie Haincourt & Marie-Elisabeth de la Serve & Ángel Estrada & Moritz A. Roth & Alexander Kadow, 2019. "Assessing the macroeconomic impact of Brexit through trade and migration channels," Occasional Papers 1911, Banco de España.
    8. Irfan Aleem & Bushra Faizi, 2021. "Non-tariff Measures, Overall Protection and Export Competitiveness: Evidence from Pakistan and Regional Countries," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 60(3), pages 251-282.
    9. Mr. Diego A. Cerdeiro & Rachel J. Nam, 2018. "A Multidimensional Approach to Trade Policy Indicators," IMF Working Papers 2018/032, International Monetary Fund.
    10. Bellora, Cecilia & Fontagné, Lionel, 2021. "EU Carbon Border Adjustment with the US rejoining Paris: A bit of a game changer," Conference papers 330216, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    11. Fida Karam & Chahir Zaki, 2020. "A new dawn for MENA firms: service trade liberalization for more competitive exports," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(1), pages 19-35, January.
    12. Xuemei Liu & Wei Chen & William H Meyers & Yinguo Dong, 2022. "Effects of heterogeneous SPS measures on agricultural growth: Evidence from China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(5), pages 1-18, May.
    13. Peter R. Herman, 2022. "A pragmatic approach to estimating nondiscriminatory non‐tariff trade costs," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(4), pages 1258-1287, September.
    14. Cecilia Bellora & Lionel Fontagné, 2019. "Shooting Oneself in the Foot? Trade War and Global Value Chains," Working Papers 2019-18, CEPII research center.
    15. Bellora, Cecilia, 2020. "Carbon Border Adjustment and Alternatives," Conference papers 333210, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    16. Zongo, Amara, 2020. "The Impact of Services Trade Restrictiveness on Food Trade," MPRA Paper 101658, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Antoine Bouët & Leysa Maty Sall & Yu Zheng, 2025. "Towards a Trade War in 2025: Real Threats for the World Economy, False Promises for the US," Working Papers 2025-03, CEPII research center.
    18. Nilsson, Lars, 2019. "Reflections on the economic modelling of free trade agreements," DG TRADE Chief Economist Notes 2019-2, Directorate General for Trade, European Commission.
    19. So, Roger Yu & Bekkers, Eddy, 2024. "The trade effects of a new agreement on services domestic regulation," WTO Staff Working Papers ERSD-2024-02, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division.
    20. Christine Arriola & Caitlyn Carrico & David Haugh & Nigel Pain & Elena Rusticelli & Donal Smith & Frank van Tongeren & Ben Westmore, 2018. "The Potential Macroeconomic and Sectoral Consequences of Brexit on Ireland," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1508, OECD Publishing.
    21. Edward J Balistreri & Maryla Maliszewska & Israel Osorio-Rodarte & David G Tarr & Hidemichi Yonezawa, 2018. "Poverty, Welfare and Income Distribution Implications of Reducing Trade Costs Through Deep Integration in Eastern and Southern Africa," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 27(2), pages 172-200.
    22. Faizi, Bushra & Shah, Mohamed Eskandar, 2022. "Estimating Protection in Services Sector: A PPML Analysis," Conference papers 333430, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    23. Cecilia Bellora & Lionel Fontagné, 2022. "EU in Search of a WTO-Compatible Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism," Working Papers 2022-01, CEPII research center.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Non-Tariff Measures; Trade in Services; Ad-valorem Equivalents;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade

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