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L'accès à des services énergétiques réduit-il la malnutrition des enfants au Sénégal ? Evaluation du programme des plateformes multifonctionnelles

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  • Marie-Charlotte Buisson

    (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - UdA - Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Le programme de plateformes multifonctionnelles (PTF) vise à favoriser l'accès à l'énergie dans les villages ruraux sénégalais. En proposant notamment des services de mouture et de broyage, le programme s'adresse d'abord aux femmes. Il s'agit ici d'évaluer l'impact du programme à partir des données collectées en juin 2009 auprès de ménages appartenant à des villages traités et non-traités par le programme. L'anthropométrie est l'indicateur d'impact choisi. Il traduit la diffusion de l'utilisation de la PTF par les femmes à l'ensemble du ménage et aux enfants : libération de temps, autonomisation économique et sociale, éducation, amélioration de la nutrition. . . Les effets de la présence de la PTF, de la durée de cette présence, de son intensité de fonctionnement et de sa distance par rapport au ménage sont mesurés, à la fois sur le statut nutritionnel de court et de long terme. La méthode privilégiée se base sur la différence entre villages traités et non traités. Cependant, un biais de sélection existe puisque les villages font une demande d'installation de PTF examinée par un comité de représentants locaux qui sélectionne les villages bénéficiaires. Il existe donc une endogénéité du coté de la demande et du coté de l'offre. Ce problème est surmonté par deux méthodes. Lors de l'échantillonnage, la sélection par propensity score matching des villages non traités permet de s'assurer de leur similitude avec les villages traités. La seconde méthode est l'utilisation de variables instrumentales. Dans ce contexte très politisé, les résultats d'élections locales permettent d'expliquer l'allocation du programme. La présence de la PTF, la durée de cette présence dans le village et sa proximité par rapport au ménage réduisent les retards de croissance infanto-juvéniles. Par ailleurs, plus que le fonctionnement de l'infrastructure, c'est sa présence et donc le changement de comportement qu'elle implique qui explique son impact. De plus, la probabilité de déficience pondérale est réduite par l'intensité du fonctionnement de l'équipement. Enfin, un effet de diffusion de l'impact au delà du village traité est établi.

Suggested Citation

  • Marie-Charlotte Buisson, 2012. "L'accès à des services énergétiques réduit-il la malnutrition des enfants au Sénégal ? Evaluation du programme des plateformes multifonctionnelles," CERDI Working papers halshs-00597523, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:cdiwps:halshs-00597523
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00597523v2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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