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The Nonlinear Case Against Leaning Against the Wind

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Abstract

We re-examine the relationship between monetary policy and financial stability in a setting that allows for nonlinear, time-varying relationships between monetary policy, financial stability, and macroeconomic outcomes. Using novel machine-learning techniques, we estimate a flexible “nonlinear VAR” for the stance of monetary policy, real activity, inflation, and financial conditions, and evaluate counterfactual evolutions of downside risk to real activity under alternative monetary policy paths. We find that a tighter path of monetary policy in 2003-05 would have increased the risk of adverse real outcomes three to four years ahead, especially if the tightening had been large or rapid. This suggests that there is limited evidence to support “leaning against the wind” even once one allows for rich nonlinearities, intertemporal dependence, and crisis predictability.

Suggested Citation

  • Nina Boyarchenko & Richard K. Crump & Keshav Dogra & Leonardo Elias & Ignacio Lopez Gaffney, 2024. "The Nonlinear Case Against Leaning Against the Wind," Staff Reports 1100, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
  • Handle: RePEc:fip:fednsr:98177
    DOI: 10.59576/sr.1100
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    Keywords

    monetary policy; financial stability; leaning against the wind;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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