IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/eti/dpaper/19081.html

Wage Stratification between Care Workers and Non-care Workers in Japan: Evidence from 2001-2017

Author

Listed:
  • Shoki OKUBO
  • Keisuke KAWATA
  • Ting YIN
  • Zhaoyuan XU

Abstract

When examining wage disparities, there are two fundamental concepts that must be differentiated: inequality and stratification. Inequality refers to variation in absolute levels, whereas stratification refers to the segmentation of populations into relative ranks. Although there have been several studies on the wages of care workers, many of them focused on inequality. In other words, the wage level of care workers remains mostly unknown. This paper aims to measure how the stratification index of care workers in Japan has changed from 2001 to 2017. The results of nonparametric stratification index (NSI) show little change in overall wage stratification between care workers and non-care workers. However, focusing on the within-gender NSI, the results show that while there is no major change in NSI for males, NSI for females is gradually rising. This indicates that the stratification between care workers and non-care workers is progressing especially for females. Decomposition analysis revealed that the overall NSI in each year was mainly caused by between-gender stratification rather than within-gender stratification.

Suggested Citation

  • Shoki OKUBO & Keisuke KAWATA & Ting YIN & Zhaoyuan XU, 2019. "Wage Stratification between Care Workers and Non-care Workers in Japan: Evidence from 2001-2017," Discussion papers 19081, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    • Handle: RePEc:eti:dpaper:19081
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/19e081.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shlomo Yitzhaki & Robert I. Lerman, 1991. "Income Stratification And Income Inequality," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 37(3), pages 313-329, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Quentin Wodon, 2000. "Microdeterminants of consumption, poverty, growth, and inequality in Bangladesh," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(10), pages 1337-1352.
    2. Sen, Aariya & Sensarma, Rudra, 2025. "Winners and Losers: The Effects of Monetary Policy on Income and Consumption Inequality," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    3. Stéphane Mussard & Kuan Xu, 2006. "Multidimensional Decomposition of the Sen Index: Some Further Thoughts," Cahiers de recherche 06-08, Departement d'économique de l'École de gestion à l'Université de Sherbrooke.
    4. Charles Condevaux & Stéphane Mussard & Téa Ouraga & Guillaume Zambrano, 2020. "Generalized Gini linear and quadratic discriminant analyses," METRON, Springer;Sapienza Università di Roma, vol. 78(2), pages 219-236, August.
    5. Allanson, Paul, 2014. "Income stratification and between-group inequality," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 124(2), pages 227-230.
    6. Modalsli, Jørgen, 2011. "Inequality and growth in the very long run: inferring inequality from data on social groups," Memorandum 11/2011, Oslo University, Department of Economics.
    7. Allanson, Paul, 2017. "Monitoring income-related health differences between regions in Great Britain: A new measure for ordinal health data," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 72-80.
    8. Salvatore Barbaro & Anna-Sophie Kurella, 2025. "Dichotomous Preferences: Concepts, Measurement, and Evidence," Working Papers 2506, Gutenberg School of Management and Economics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.
    9. Masato Okamoto, 2009. "Decomposition of gini and multivariate gini indices," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 7(2), pages 153-177, June.
    10. Magne Mogstad, 2007. "Measuring Income Inequality under Restricted Interpersonal Comparability," Discussion Papers 498, Statistics Norway, Research Department.
    11. Robert Haveman & Lawrence Buron, 1994. "The Anatomy of Changing Male Earnings Inequality: An Empirical Exploration of Determinants," Economics Working Paper Archive wp_104, Levy Economics Institute.
    12. Heil, Mark T. & Wodon, Quentin T., 1999. "Future inequality in Carbon Dioxide emissions and the projected impact of abatement proposals," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2084, The World Bank.
    13. Toni Mora, 2005. "Conditioning factors on regional European clubs - a distributional approach," ERSA conference papers ersa05p302, European Regional Science Association.
    14. Branko Milanovic & Shlomo Yitzhak, 2006. "Decomposing World Income Distribution: Does The World Have A Middle Class?," IBT Journal of Business Studies (JBS), Ilma University, Faculty of Management Science, vol. 2(2), pages 88-110.
    15. Joachim Frick & Jan Goebel, 2008. "Regional Income Stratification in Unified Germany Using a Gini Decomposition Approach," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(4), pages 555-577.
    16. Jean-Pierre Lachaud, 1999. "Envois de fonds, inégalité et pauvreté au Burkina Faso," Revue Tiers Monde, Programme National Persée, vol. 40(160), pages 793-827.
    17. Stéphane Mussard, 2007. "Between-Group Pigou Dalton Transfers," Cahiers de recherche 07-06, Departement d'économique de l'École de gestion à l'Université de Sherbrooke.
    18. Chris Elbers & Peter Lanjouw & Johan Mistiaen & Berk Özler, 2008. "Reinterpreting between-group inequality," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 6(3), pages 231-245, September.
    19. Toni Mora, 2005. "Evidencing European regional convergence clubs with optimal grouping criteria," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(15), pages 937-940.
    20. Jørgen Modalsli, 2015. "Inequality in the very long run: inferring inequality from data on social groups," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 13(2), pages 225-247, June.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eti:dpaper:19081. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: TANIMOTO, Toko (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/rietijp.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.