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Steuerliche Instrumente der Wohneigentumsförderung

Author

Listed:
  • Konstantin A. Kholodilin
  • Sebastian Kohl
  • Tobias Niemeyer

Abstract

Deutschland ist, ähnlich wie seine deutschsprachigen Nachbarländer, ein Land der Mieterinnen und Mieter. Mit 51,4 Prozent ist die personenbasierte Wohneigentumsquote im Jahr 2017 im europäischen Vergleich besonders niedrig (Eurostat, 2019). In Österreich ist sie mit 55 Prozent unwesentlich höher (2017), in der Schweiz mit 42,5 Prozent niedriger (2016) (ebd.). Für diese Länderunterschiede sind in der Literatur verschiedene Gründe angeführt worden, darunter auch die unterschiedlich starke politische Förderung von Wohneigentum (Atterhög, 2005). Hierbei ist die steuerliche Behandlung von Wohneigentum besonders bedeutend, da sie die Entscheidung von Haushalten (mieten oder kaufen) und damit die Neutralität der Wohnformen maßgeblich beeinflussen kann. Das Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die Neutralität der steuerlichen Regulierung in den deutschsprachigen Ländern zu messen, um einerseits methodisch zu testen, ob diese Regulierung in Indexdaten abgebildet werden kann, und um andererseits eine Datengrundlage für weitere historisch-vergleichende Untersuchungen zu schaffen. Denn die Idee, dass die eigentümerfreundliche Steuergesetzgebung auf die Wohneigentumsquote wirkt, wird in gängigen, ad-hoc und Querschnittserklärungen zwar häufiger angeführt, aber in der international vergleichenden Forschung sind bisher Wohnungspolitikindikatoren nicht verbreitet und damit Wirkungsanalysen politischer Instrumente selten. Dieser Beitrag möchte daher mit der Kodierung von Indizes der wohnungsspezifischen Steuergesetzgebung in vier relevanten Feldern in den drei Ländern einen ersten methodischen und empirischen Beitrag leisten.

Suggested Citation

  • Konstantin A. Kholodilin & Sebastian Kohl & Tobias Niemeyer, 2019. "Steuerliche Instrumente der Wohneigentumsförderung," DIW Roundup: Politik im Fokus 132, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwrup:132de
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    References listed on IDEAS

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