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Equilibrium in a Decentralized Market with Adverse Selection

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This paper deals with volume of trade and distribution of surplus in markets subject to adverse selection. The benchmark case -- a variation of Akerlof's lemons model -- is that of a market where two qualities of a good are offered, in proportions such that, if a single price is required to clear the market, only the low-quality units of the good are traded. I show that if trade is decentralized, i.e. allowed to take place at different prices simultaneously in different parts of the market (via random pairwise meetings of agents), then all units of the good are traded, and all agents have positive ex-ante expected payoffs. This fundamental difference with the centralized benchmark does not diminish as discounting is gradually removed from the decentralized framework. The result holds for both the steady-state and non-steady-state versions of the model. Cet article traite du volume d'échange et de la distribution des gains dans les marchés sujets à la sélection adverse. Le point de repère est une variante du modèle d'Akerlof (1970) dans laquelle deux qualités différentes d'un bien sont disponibles sur le marché mais une seule, la moindre, n'est vendue à l'équilibre. Je démontre que si le mécanisme d'échange est décentralisé, c'est-à-dire que les échanges peuvent s'effectuer à différents prix dans différentes parties du marché (via l'appariement aléatoire des agents), alors toutes les unités du bien seront vendues à l'équilibre, peu importe leur qualité. De plus, tous les agents ont un paiement anticipé positif au départ. Ces différences fondamentales avec les résultats d'Akerlof ne s'effacent pas lorsque l'escomptage des paiements dans le marché décentralisé est graduellement éliminé. Ce résultat est obtenu dans deux versions du modèle décentralisé: une avec états stationnaires, l'autre sans.

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  • Max Blouin, 2001. "Equilibrium in a Decentralized Market with Adverse Selection," Cahiers de recherche CREFE / CREFE Working Papers 128, CREFE, Université du Québec à Montréal, revised Mar 2001.
  • Handle: RePEc:cre:crefwp:128
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Daniel McFadden & Carlos Noton & Pau Olivella, "undated". "Remedies for Sick Insurance," Working Papers 620, Barcelona School of Economics.
    2. Camargo, Braz & Lester, Benjamin, 2014. "Trading dynamics in decentralized markets with adverse selection," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 534-568.
    3. Moreno, Diego & Wooders, John, 2016. "Dynamic markets for lemons: performance, liquidity, and policy intervention," Theoretical Economics, Econometric Society, vol. 11(2), May.
    4. Anindya Ghose, 2005. "Used Good Trade Patterns: A Cross-Country Comparison of Electronic Secondary Markets," Working Papers 05-19, NET Institute, revised Oct 2005.
    5. Timo Vesala, 2008. "Middlemen And The Adverse Selection Problem," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 60(1), pages 1-11, January.
    6. Clara Ponsati & Jozsef Sakovics, 2005. "Markets for professional services: queues and mediocrity," Edinburgh School of Economics Discussion Paper Series 133, Edinburgh School of Economics, University of Edinburgh.
    7. Bilancini, Ennio & Boncinelli, Leonardo, 2016. "Dynamic adverse selection and the supply size," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 233-242.
    8. Klaus Kultti & Eeva Mauring & Juuso Vanhala & Timo Vesala, 2015. "Adverse Selection In Dynamic Matching Markets," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 67(2), pages 115-133, April.
    9. Palazzo, Francesco, 2017. "Search costs and the severity of adverse selection," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(1), pages 171-197.
    10. Ponsatí­, Clara & Sákovics, József, 2008. "Queues, not just mediocrity: Inefficiency in decentralized markets with vertical differentiation," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 26(4), pages 998-1014, July.
    11. Moreno, Diego & Wooders, John, 2001. "The efficiency of decentralized and centralized markets for lemons," UC3M Working papers. Economics we014005, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía.
    12. Ayça Kaya & Kyungmin Kim, 2018. "Trading Dynamics with Private Buyer Signals in the Market for Lemons," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 85(4), pages 2318-2352.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    adverse selection; lemons; decentralized trading; pairwise meetings;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C73 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - - - Stochastic and Dynamic Games; Evolutionary Games
    • D82 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design

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