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Adjustment Mechanisms in a Currency Area

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  • Goodhart, Charles
  • Lee, D J

Abstract

Both the euro-area and the United States suffered an initially quite similar housing and financial shock in 2007/8, with several states in both regions being particularly badly affected. Yet there was never any question that the worst hit US states would need a special bail-out or leave the dollar area, whereas such concerns have worsened in the euro-area. We focus on three badly affected states, Arizona, Spain and Latvia, to examine the working of relative adjustment mechanisms within the currency region. We concentrate on four such mechanisms, relative wage adjustment, migration, net fiscal flows and bank flows. Only in Latvia was there any relative wage adjustment. Intra-EU migration has increased, but is more costly for those involved in the EU (than in the USA). Net federal financing helped Arizona and Latvia in the crisis, but not Spain. The locally focussed structure of banking amplified the crisis in Spain, whereas the role of out-of-state banks eased adjustment in Arizona and Latvia. The latter reinforces the case for an EU banking union.

Suggested Citation

  • Goodhart, Charles & Lee, D J, 2012. "Adjustment Mechanisms in a Currency Area," CEPR Discussion Papers 9226, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:9226
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Assymetric shocks; Adjustment mechanisms; Relative unit labour costs; Migration; Fiscal transfers; Banking union;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F36 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
    • F40 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - General
    • J60 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - General
    • O52 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Europe

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