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Can matched employer-employee panel survey data on telework and self-reported productivity identify the productivity impact of telework?

Author

Listed:
  • Ali Béjaoui
  • René Morissette

Abstract

Measuring labour productivity is difficult. This is in part why recent studies on the productivity impact of telework focus on occupations where productivity is easily measured, such as call centers. One would think that matched employer-employee panel survey data on telework and self-reported productivity collected for stayers who experience an exogenous change in their number of telework days might provide an alternative. Since these data allow researchers to analyze changes in employees’ self-reported productivity while controlling for firm fixed effects and ruling out reverse causality, they might identify the impact of telework on stayers’ true productivity. We show that even with such data, the impact of telework on productivity is not identified if telework affects self-reported productivity by affecting not only true productivity but also other factors—such as satisfaction with one’s work arrangement—that likely depend on true productivity. Under these conditions, not controlling for these other factors leaves the other factors-to-self-reported productivity channel open but controlling for them leads to collider bias (Pearl and Mackenzie, 2018; Imbens, 2020), i.e. generates a spurious correlation between telework and self-reported productivity. Mesurer la productivité du travail est difficile. C’est en partie pour cette raison que les études récentes sur l’impact du télétravail sur la productivité se concentrent sur des professions où la productivité est facile à mesurer, comme les centres d’appels. On pourrait penser que des données d’enquête en panel appariées employeur-employé portant sur le télétravail et la productivité auto-déclarée, recueillies auprès de travailleurs restant dans la même entreprise mais connaissant un changement exogène du nombre de jours de télétravail, pourraient offrir une alternative. Comme ces données permettent aux chercheurs d’analyser les variations de la productivité auto-déclarée des employés tout en contrôlant les effets fixes liés à l’entreprise et en excluant la causalité inverse, elles pourraient permettre d’identifier l’impact du télétravail sur la productivité réelle des travailleurs restants. Nous montrons que même avec ce type de données, l’impact du télétravail sur la productivité n’est pas identifiable si le télétravail influence la productivité auto-déclarée en affectant non seulement la productivité réelle, mais aussi d’autres facteurs tels que la satisfaction à l’égard de l’organisation du travail, qui dépendent probablement eux-mêmes de la productivité réelle. Dans ces conditions, ne pas contrôler ces autres facteurs laisse ouvert le canal reliant ces facteurs à la productivité auto-déclarée, mais les contrôler entraîne un biais de collision (collider bias) (Pearl et Mackenzie, 2018 ; Imbens, 2020), c’est-à-dire génère une corrélation fallacieuse entre le télétravail et la productivité auto-déclarée.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali Béjaoui & René Morissette, 2026. "Can matched employer-employee panel survey data on telework and self-reported productivity identify the productivity impact of telework?," CIRANO Working Papers 2026s-05, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2026s-05
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    References listed on IDEAS

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