Author
Listed:
- Raquel Fonseca
- Étienne Lalé
- François Langot
- Thepthida Sopraseuth
Abstract
In this paper, the authors develop a general equilibrium overlapping generations model with human capital to analyze the evolution of the wage premium associated with university education and lifetime earnings profiles in the United States between 1940 and 2020. The model incorporates choices related to schooling and on-the-job training, along with aggregate economic shocks and cohort-specific trends in initial skill endowments and learning abilities. The estimated model replicates the W-shaped pattern of the college wage premium as well as the flattening and subsequent steepening of earnings over the life cycle. The results show that variations in labor efficiency—rather than shifts in relative skill prices—are the primary drivers of these dynamics. The authors also highlight the significant role of declining initial skills and learning capacities among more recent cohorts. However, adjustments in educational attainment and relative wages help offset these disadvantages. Without such market mechanisms, the lifetime earnings gap between individuals with and without university degrees would widen substantially, and the college premium would double. Dans ce document, les auteur‧e‧s développent un modèle d’équilibre général à générations imbriquées avec capital humain pour analyser l’évolution de la prime salariale liée aux études universitaires et des profils de revenus sur l’ensemble de la vie active aux États-Unis entre 1940 et 2020. Le modèle prend en compte les choix de scolarisation et de formation en emploi, ainsi que des chocs économiques d’ampleur variable et des tendances propres aux différentes générations quant à leurs compétences initiales et leurs capacités d’apprentissage. Le modèle estimé reproduit la trajectoire en « W » de la prime universitaire ainsi que la tendance des revenus à s’aplatir, puis à s’accentuer à nouveau au cours de la vie professionnelle. Les résultats montrent que ce sont les variations dans l’efficacité du travail — plutôt que dans les écarts de rémunération selon le niveau de compétence — qui expliquent principalement ces changements. Les auteur‧e‧s soulignent également le rôle déterminant de la baisse des compétences initiales et des capacités d’apprentissage chez les générations récentes. Toutefois, les ajustements dans les niveaux de scolarité atteints et dans les salaires relatifs permettent de compenser en partie ces désavantages. En l’absence de ces mécanismes, les écarts de revenus sur l’ensemble de la vie entre travailleur‧euse‧s diplômé‧e‧s et non diplômé‧e‧s se creuseraient davantage, et la prime universitaire doublerait.
Suggested Citation
Raquel Fonseca & Étienne Lalé & François Langot & Thepthida Sopraseuth, 2025.
"The College Premium Rollercoaster and the Rebound of Lifetime Wage Growth: A Structural Analysis,"
CIRANO Working Papers
2025s-28, CIRANO.
Handle:
RePEc:cir:cirwor:2025s-28
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JEL classification:
- E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
- E25 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
- J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
- J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
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