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La présence de biais cognitifs en analyse économique : une étude de cas

Author

Listed:
  • Marc-Olivier Bessette
  • Mariame Dioubate
  • Myriane Hébert
  • Miriam Elsie Kuimi Tchana
  • Laura Morissette
  • Jean-Charles Toupin
  • Raoul Yaro
  • Maurice Doyon

Abstract

Bien que l’économie a le mérite de simplifier des problèmes complexes et de faire des prédictions testables par des observations, elle est parfois remise en cause pour l’utilisation de modèles qui reposent sur des hypothèses traduisant mal la réalité, affectant négativement la crédibilité des économistes. Or, la résolution de problèmes complexes tels que les changements climatiques nécessitera l’application de concepts économiques. Dans une perspective de marché, le rôle et l’image de l’économiste devraient donc croître positivement. Toutefois, la crédibilité des économistes auprès des décideurs et du grand public ne semble pas aller dans cette direction. Nous argumentons que la présence de biais cognitif génère une demande sous-optimale d’analyse économique et de la reconnaissance des économistes. Dans ce contexte, comme jeunes chercheurs, nous croyons qu’il est important de prendre conscience des différents pièges ou biais qui guettent le chercheur outre celui du choix de spécification des modèles. Nous estimons que lorsque les biais contribuent à générer des recommandations contradictoires, impraticables ou peu crédibles, c’est la pertinence de tous les économistes qui s’en trouve affectée négativement. Cet article met en lumière la persistance de différents types de biais en économique en proposant une revue de la littérature des différents biais susceptibles d’être rencontrés en économie. Puis, un article a fort déploiement médiatique est utilisé comme cas type et analysé à partir des biais précédemment identifiés.

Suggested Citation

  • Marc-Olivier Bessette & Mariame Dioubate & Myriane Hébert & Miriam Elsie Kuimi Tchana & Laura Morissette & Jean-Charles Toupin & Raoul Yaro & Maurice Doyon, 2020. "La présence de biais cognitifs en analyse économique : une étude de cas," CIRANO Working Papers 2020s-12, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2020s-12
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    Keywords

    ; Biais cognitif; Économiste; Jeune; Crédibilité;
    All these keywords.

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