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Les minorités visibles nées au Canada: l’angle mort des politiques d’intégration au marché du travail

Author

Listed:
  • Brahim Boudarbat
  • Idossou Marius Adom

Abstract

The report presents the latest developments on the situation of immigrants and visible minorities in the Quebec and Canadian labor markets. In 2021, immigrants represented 14.6% of the Quebec population and 23% of the Canadian population. In Quebec, the unemployment rate of immigrants has fallen sharply over time, but immigrants are still more exposed to unemployment and hold lower-paid jobs than native-born Canadians. As for visible minorities, their proportion of the population was 16.1% in Quebec (26.5% in Canada) in 2021. In addition, nearly one in four Quebecers under the age of 25 (22.2%) is a member of a visible minority, a reality that the labour market will have to deal with, and that public policy decision-makers need to take into account. Our findings suggest that labour market integration in Quebec and Canada is determined more by belonging to a visible minority than by being an immigrant. Even if they were born in Canada, members of visible minorities seem to have difficulty finding a place in the job market. In a context where Quebec and Canada are seeking to recruit more workers from abroad to deal with labor shortages, logic would suggest that we first realize the full potential of the working-age population already here. In addition, the situation of young Canadians from visible minority backgrounds deserves special attention to avoid the risks of their socio-economic exclusion and the consequences this could have on social cohesion. Ce rapport présente les derniers développements sur la situation des immigrants et des minorités visibles sur les marchés du travail québécois et canadiens. En 2021, les immigrants représentaient 14,6 % de la population du Québec et 23 % de celle du Canada. Au Québec, le taux de chômage chez les immigrants a fortement baissé au fil du temps, mais les immigrants sont toujours plus exposés au chômage et occupent des emplois moins bien rémunérés que les Canadiens de naissance. Quant aux minorités visibles, leur part dans la population était de 16,1 % au Québec (26,5 % au Canada) en 2021. Aussi, près d’un Québécois de moins de 25 ans sur quatre (22,2 %) est issu d’une minorité visible, une réalité avec laquelle le marché du travail devra composer et que les décideurs des politiques publiques doivent prendre en considération. Nos résultats permettent de conclure que l’intégration dans le marché du travail au Québec et au Canada est déterminée davantage par l’appartenance à une minorité visible que par le fait d’être immigrant. Même s’ils sont nés au Canada, les membres d’une minorité visible semblent peiner à se tailler une place sur le marché du travail. Dans un contexte où le Québec et le Canada cherchent à recruter plus de travailleurs à l’étranger pour faire face à la pénurie de main-d’œuvre, la logique voudrait qu’on réalise d’abord le plein potentiel de la population en âge de travailler qui se trouve déjà sur place. Par ailleurs, la situation des jeunes Canadiens de naissance issus des minorités visibles mérite une attention particulière pour parer aux risques d’exclusion socioéconomique de ces jeunes et aux conséquences que cette exclusion pourrait avoir sur la cohésion sociale.

Suggested Citation

  • Brahim Boudarbat & Idossou Marius Adom, 2023. "Les minorités visibles nées au Canada: l’angle mort des politiques d’intégration au marché du travail," CIRANO Project Reports 2023rp-27, CIRANO.
    • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirpro:2023rp-27
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